Physical Activity Reduces Systemic Blood Pressure and Improves Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in Pre-Pubertal Obese Children

Farpour‐Lambert, Nathalie; Aggoun, Yacine; Marchand, Laëtitia; Martin, Xavier; Herrmann, Françoís; Beghetti, Maurice

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.030

Cited by 360 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, regular physical activity results in a significant reduction of BP, not only when measured in the office, but also when monitored for 24-h BP. After 3 months of exercise training the effects on BP were 7-12 mmHg for SBP and 2-7 mmHg for DBP (198). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower BP and results suggested that the volume of activity might be more important than the intensity (199).…”

Section: Blood Pressure Target In Diabetic and Renal Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents

Lurbe

Agabiti‐Rosei

Cruickshank

et al. 2016

Journal of Hypertension

1,089

1,063

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Section: Blood Pressure Target In Diabetic and Renal Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents

Lurbe

Agabiti‐Rosei

Cruickshank

et al. 2016

Journal of Hypertension

1,089

1,063

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“…6,7 There is evidence that levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness and CVD risk factors track from childhood and adolescence into adulthood. 8 A number of observational studies have investigated associations between physical activity and BP in children and adolescents, [9][10][11][12] but the findings from these studies have been equivocal. Recently, a UK study of 5505 children aged 11-12 years showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower BP, and the authors concluded that the volume of activity may be more important than the intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity and blood pressure in prepubertal children

et al. 2011

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Elevated blood pressure (BP) during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of hypertension in later life. Although physical activity is known to positively moderate BP, data regarding this relationship are limited in prepubertal children. We aimed to assess the association between a range of physical activities (including indoor and outdoor activity) and BP in a large community-based sample of prepubertal schoolchildren. Eligible year-1 schoolchildren (n¼1765; mean age 6.7 ± 0.4 years) from a random cluster sample of 34 schools in Sydney, Australia, were examined. Parents completed detailed questionnaires about their child's activity. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BP was measured using a standard protocol, and elevated BP was defined using published guidelines. Physical activity was classified as low, medium or high (that is, as tertiles). After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, height, BMI, parental qualifications and family history of hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease, children in the highest tertile of outdoor and indoor activities had significantly lower diastolic BP (B1.5 mm Hg; P trend ¼0.01) and systolic BP (B1.3 mm Hg; P trend ¼0.03), respectively, compared with those in the lowest tertile (reference). Linearly, time spent in indoor activities (each hour per day) was associated with B2.4 mm Hg decrease in diastolic BP (P¼0.001). Physical activity was independently associated with lower BP in this sample of prepubertal children. The findings emphasize the importance of ensuring regular physical activity programs in primary schools to potentially reduce the risk of elevated BP in childhood and in later life. Keywords: blood pressure; children; physical activity; prepuberty; Sydney Childhood Eye Study INTRODUCTION Elevated blood pressure (BP) during childhood and adolescence is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), 1 and the development of early pathological lesions of atherosclerosis. 2,3 Thus, the recognition and management of elevated BP at an early age, and the identification of modifiable risk factors, may be an important strategy for limiting the overall public health disease burden caused by hypertension. 4,5 Physical activity is a key component of the therapeutic lifestyle changes recommended for preventing and treating elevated BP and hypertension in children and adolescence. 6,7 There is evidence that levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness and CVD risk factors track from childhood and adolescence into adulthood. 8 A number of observational studies have investigated associations between physical activity and BP in children and adolescents, 9-12 but the findings from these studies have been equivocal. Recently, a UK study of 5505 children aged 11-12 years showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower BP, and the authors concluded that the volume of activity may be more important than the intensity. 10 In contrast, several studies reported no or a positive associat...

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“…More important, this study ruled out key variables and potential confounders that could affect blood pressure. Weight loss, loss of adiposity, and increases in activity are known to have positive effects on blood pressure profiles 35, 36, 37, 38, 39. However, the experimental paradigm used in the current study uses obese mice that share similar metabolic profiles in that body mass, total fat content, oxygen consumption, and activity levels remain unchanged with or without increased muscle mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Muscle Mass Protects Against Hypertension and Renal Injury in Obesity

Butcher

Mintz

Larion

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundObesity compromises cardiometabolic function and is associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Exercise ameliorates these conditions, even without weight loss. Although the mechanisms of exercise's benefits remain unclear, augmented lean body mass is a suspected mechanism. Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass that is upregulated in obesity and downregulated with exercise. The current study tested the hypothesis that deletion of myostatin would increase muscle mass and reduce blood pressure and kidney injury in obesity.Methods and ResultsMyostatin knockout mice were crossed to db/db mice, and metabolic and cardiovascular functions were examined. Deletion of myostatin increased skeletal muscle mass by ≈50% to 60% without concomitant weight loss or reduction in fat mass. Increased blood pressure in obesity was prevented by the deletion of myostatin, but did not confer additional benefit against salt loading. Kidney injury was evident because of increased albuminuria, which was abolished in obese mice lacking myostatin. Glycosuria, total urine volume, and whole kidney NOX‐4 levels were increased in obesity and prevented by myostatin deletion, arguing that increased muscle mass provides a multipronged defense against renal dysfunction in obese mice.ConclusionsThese experimental observations suggest that loss of muscle mass is a novel risk factor in obesity‐derived cardiovascular dysfunction. Interventions that increase muscle mass, either through exercise or pharmacologically, may help limit cardiovascular disease in obese individuals.

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Physical Activity Reduces Systemic Blood Pressure and Improves Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in Pre-Pubertal Obese Children

Cited by 360 publications

References 52 publications

2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents

2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents

Association between physical activity and blood pressure in prepubertal children

Increased Muscle Mass Protects Against Hypertension and Renal Injury in Obesity

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