Physical Activity, TV Watching Time, Sleeping, and Risk of Obesity and Hyperglycemia in the Offspring of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

We investigated the association of physical activity, TV watching time, sleeping time with the risks of obesity and hyperglycemia among 1263 offspring aged 1–5 years of mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM) in a cross-sectional study. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of childhood obesity and hyperglycemia associated with different levels of indoor activity, outdoor activity, TV watching, and sleeping time. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of obesity based on different levels of TV watching time (0, <1.0, and ≥1.0 hour/day) were 1.00, 1.21 (95% CI 0.72–2.05), and 2.20 (95% CI 1.33–3.63) (Ptrend = 0.003), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of hyperglycemia based on different levels of indoor activity (<5.0, 5.0–6.9, and ≥7.0 hours/day) were 1.00, 0.74 (95% CI 0.45–1.21), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.28–0.84) (Ptrend = 0.034), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of hyperglycemia associated with different levels of sleeping time (<11.0, 11.0–11.9, and ≥12.0 hours/day) were 1.00, 0.67 (95% CI 0.42–1.05), and 0.39 (95% CI 0.23–0.67) (Ptrend = 0.003), respectively. The present study indicated a positive association of TV watching with the risk of obesity, and an inverse association of either indoor activity or sleeping time with the risk of hyperglycemia among offspring born to GDM mothers in Tianjin, China.

Physical activity level in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Lifestyle INtervention for Diabetes prevention After pregnancy (LINDA‐Brasil) study

“…It is known that women with low levels of physical activity during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing GDM. 26,27 Approximately one-third of this sample of the LINDA-Brasil study was physically active; this is worrying considering the potential of this behavior to prevent development of T2D after delivery. In addition, physical activity improves glycemic control 8,10 and contributes to a reduction in weight gain in women diagnosed with GDM.…”

“…Charts were reviewed to collect data on prepregnancy weight, gestational weight, gestational age at recruitment, plasma glucose levels at diagnosis of GDM, treatment for GDM, and reproductive history. 21,23 For descriptive analyses, age was classified into three categories (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), and ≥40 years). Self-declared skin color was categorized as white, black, brown, or other, according to the Brazilian census bureau.…”

Gestational diabetes exposure and adiposity outcomes in childhood and adolescence: An analysis of effect modification by breastfeeding, diet quality, and physical activity in the EPOCH study

“…While this finding was restricted to just two of the five adiposity measures, the point estimates for the remaining three adiposity outcomes follow a similar pattern. These results are in contrast to a large Chinese study, which observed no difference in obesity prevalence at 1 to 5 years of age for children exposed to GDM across higher or lower levels of indoor/outdoor physical activity . However, that study did not include a control group of children not exposed to GDM and thus could not determine if increased physical activity can ameliorate the adverse effect of GDM exposure.…”

“…Less is known about the potential of other health behaviours in childhood to attenuate the obesity risks of this intrauterine exposure. One study of Chinese children exposed to GDM reported that those who did not watch television daily were less than half as likely to be obese compared with those who watched >1 hour daily . However, there was no difference in obesity risk according to physical activity, and diet was not assessed.…”

Postnatal Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Gestational Diabetes mellitus: Where Are We Now

“…To our knowledge, only one study has specifically measured the impact of lifestyle behaviors on obesity risk in children exposed to GDM in utero. In that study, Zhang and collaborators [71] showed that TV watching time > 1 h/day was associated with increased risk of obesity and central obesity in a population of children aged 1-5 years born from mothers with GDM in China. However, they found no association of indoor activity, outdoor activity, and sleeping time with the risk of obesity or central obesity [71].…”