The thermodynamics of adsorption provides relationships between amounts adsorbed at equilibrium and other variables such as heats of adsorption and chemical potentials. However, the subject is complicated by the fact that the adsorbed phase is not macroscopic in three dimensions. The correct application of surface thermodynamics to experimental data requires making subtle distinctions between thermodynamic variables, on the one hand, and their interpretation by particular models, on the other hand.
Adsorption on solids: surface excessThe fundamental variable of adsorption is the amount adsorbed. The absolute amount of i'th component adsorbed (wf) depends upon the location of the boundary between the adsorbed (a) and bulk (b) phases. If we consider, for example, the surface of a solid lying in the .xy-plane at z = 0, with the phase boundary at z = z 0 , then the integral(1) determines the absolute amount adsorbed. But the value of z 0 cannot be fixed without ambiguity. Therefore n" is not a proper thermodynamic variable. This problem was originally solved by Gibbs [1], who showed that the surface excess quantity n\ defined by:is invariant with respect to the location z 0 of the dividing surface. This may be seen more clearly by rewriting Eq.(2) using a volume balance (F° = V a + V b ):Brought to you by | Purdue University Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 9:47 AM