Physical and biological structure and variability in an upwelling center off Peru near 15°C during March, 1977

Brink, Kenneth H.; Jones, Burton H.; Leer, John C. Van; Mooers, Christopher N. K.; Stuart, David W.; Stevenson, Merritt R.; Dugdale, Richard C.; Heburn, George W.

doi:10.1029/co001p0473

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Physical and chemical temporal variations in upwelling zones influence phytoplankton composition and succession (Blasco et al 1980, Brink et al 1980, ABSTRACT: The typical phytoplankton succession scenario in coastal upwelling zones is high diatom growth during upwelling and flagellate dominance during water column stratification. Within the diatom/flagellate succession there exist short-term changes in diatom communities that are caused by physical, chemical and biological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom dynamics in a coastal ecosystem affected by upwelling: coupling between species succession, circulation and biogeochemical processes

Tilstone¹,

Míguez²,

Figueiras³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom dynamics in a coastal ecosystem affected by upwelling: coupling between species succession, circulation and biogeochemical processes

Tilstone¹,

Míguez²,

Figueiras³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

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“…From 25 m, σ t rose from 26.0 to 26.1, and NO − 3 rose from 12 to 16 µM. As these dense nutrient-rich waters rose, they fertilized the sunlit surface waters at the upwelling center (C3, Brink et al, 1981;MacIsaac et al, 1985), and flowed offshore towards C5 and C8, phytoplankton bloomed to 7 mg m −3 chlorophyll a and 18 mg carbon h −1 m −3 in productivity (Table 1 and Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was the focus of the R/V Anton Bruun cruise 15 (Ryther et al, 1970), the R/V T.G. Thompson Pisco expedition in 1969 (Barber et al, 1978), and others (Wyrtki, 1967;Walsh et al, 1971) before it was the focus of the CUEA-JOINT II program (Brink et al, 1981;Packard, 1981) of which the JASON Expedition was a part (King, 1981;Richards, 1981). However, in spite of the many previous expeditions to this site most of them took place in the austral fall (March-April-May).…”

Section: Research Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These productivity stations were not made in order along the C-line section, hence the irregularity of the their numerical sequence in Tables 3-7. In addition, some locations along the C-line were occupied (Kogelshatz et al, 1978;Packard and Jones, 1976 (Brink et al, 1981), both the C-line location and the station number are given through the paper. The productivity casts were made each morning before 10:00 LT with 30 L Niskin PVC bottles to six light depths (1,5,15,30,50, and 100 %).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peruvian upwelling plankton respiration: calculations of carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency, and heterotrophic energy production

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Oceanic depth profiles of plankton respiration are described by a power function, R CO 2 = (R CO 2 ) 0 (z/z 0 ) b , similar to the vertical carbon flux profile. Furthermore, because both ocean processes are closely related, conceptually and mathematically, each can be calculated from the other. The exponent b, always negative, defines the maximum curvature of the respiration-depth profile and controls the carbon flux. When |b| is large, the carbon flux (F C ) from the epipelagic ocean is low and the nutrient retention efficiency (NRE) is high, allowing these waters to maintain high productivity. The opposite occurs when |b| is small. This means that the attenuation of respiration in ocean water columns is critical in understanding and predicting both vertical F C as well as the capacity of epipelagic ecosystems to retain their nutrients. The ratio of seawater R CO 2 to incoming F C is the NRE, a new metric that represents nutrient regeneration in a seawater layer in reference to the nutrients introduced into that layer via F C . A depth profile of F C is the integral of water column respiration. This relationship facilitates calculating ocean sections of F C from water column respiration. In an F C section and in a NRE section across the Peruvian upwelling system we found an F C maximum and a NRE minimum extending down to 400 m, 50 km off the Peruvian coast over the upper part of the continental slope. Finally, considering the coupling between respiratory electron transport system activity and heterotrophic oxidative phosphorylation promoted the calculation of an ocean section of heterotrophic energy production (HEP). It ranged from 250 to 500 J d −1 m −3 in the euphotic zone to less than 5 J d −1 m −3 below 200 m on this ocean section.

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“…Because of their ability to move phytoplankton-rich chlorophyll maximum layers downward (10)(11)(12), internal waves are a likely mechanism of benthic-pelagic food coupling. To date, investigations of internal wave effects on phytoplankton distribution have been restricted to the water column, and it is not evident that downwelled chlorophyll maximum layers could reach the rough surface of rocky bottoms where topographically induced upwelling could redirect downward flow (13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed phytoplankton supply to the rocky subtidal zone: influence of internal waves.

Witman

Leichter

Genovese

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hydrographic measurements indicate that the thermocline and the phytoplankton-rich chlorophyll maximum layer are vertically displaced over a rocky pinnacle in the central Gulf of Maine by internal waves with maximum amplitudes of 27 m. Such predictable downwelling events are linked to rapid, 2-to 3-fold increases in chlorophyll a, an indicator of phytoplankton concentration, in pulses of warm water recorded 4 cm above the bottom (29-m depth). The 1.5-5.6'C temperature fluctuations had an average period of 10.6 min and were generated on both ebb and flood tides. Local lee waves and the arrival of solitons propagated from Georges Bank are hypothesized to explain the timing of the internal waves. Because internal waves and chlorophyll mxima are pervasive features of stratified temperate seas, this mechanism of food coupling should be common in other rocky subtidal habitats.Despite the long-acknowledged dependence of bottomdwelling populations on pelagic processes (1), relatively little is known about how events in the water column influence organisms inhabiting rocky subtidal habitats along the underwater coastline of continents at high latitudes and on offshore ledges, banks, and seamounts. Recent benthicpelagic coupling research has linked the impingement of an oxygen minimum layer (2) and topographically enhanced currents (3) to the vertical zonation of invertebrate communities on Pacific seamounts. The importance of understanding the process of food supply to the sea floor is underscored by the finding that the input of particulate organic carbon can regulate the size and distribution of populations in soft bottom habitats (4, 5). Moreover, the timing ofphytoplankton supply is thought to influence the evolution of benthic invertebrate reproductive strategies (6).Internal waves are generated when the ebb tide forces a shallow thermocline over the edge of a steep bottom feature such as a bank, ledge, or continental shelf (7). A prominent depression ofthe thermocline is produced on the downstream side and held over the abrupt bottom until the ebbing currents slacken. The released depression propagates away from the topographic feature as a packet of internal waves (8, 9). Because of their ability to move phytoplankton-rich chlorophyll maximum layers downward (10-12), internal waves are a likely mechanism of benthic-pelagic food coupling. To date, investigations of internal wave effects on phytoplankton distribution have been restricted to the water column, and it is not evident that downwelled chlorophyll maximum layers could reach the rough surface of rocky bottoms where topographically induced upwelling could redirect downward flow (13-15).We studied benthic-pelagic coupling at Ammen Rock Pinnacle (ARP), a rocky ledge located 105 km offshore in the central Gulf of Maine characterized by steep bottom topography, swift currents (averages, 12.7-25.5 cm/sec) and abundant populations of suspension-feeding sponges, anemones, bryozoans, and ascidians ( Fig. 1 and refs. 16 and 17). Observations of rapid vertical...

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Physical and biological structure and variability in an upwelling center off Peru near 15°C during March, 1977

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Diatom dynamics in a coastal ecosystem affected by upwelling: coupling between species succession, circulation and biogeochemical processes

Diatom dynamics in a coastal ecosystem affected by upwelling: coupling between species succession, circulation and biogeochemical processes

Peruvian upwelling plankton respiration: calculations of carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency, and heterotrophic energy production

Pulsed phytoplankton supply to the rocky subtidal zone: influence of internal waves.

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