Physical and chemical characteristics of the bamboo culm and wood carbonized at low temperature

Abstract

Physical and chemical characteristics of bamboo culm heat-treated at low temperature (200 °C to 320 °C) were analyzed to understand their carbonization mechanisms. The physical features and chemical compositions of four Indonesian and one Korean bamboo species were examined, and they were compared with red pine and cork oak after treatment. Weight loss, pH, and calorific value increased with increasing temperature. Weight loss and calorific value of the bamboo species increased from 200 to 240 °C, while those of the wood species increased from 240 to 280 °C. The pH of the bamboo and wood changed from acidic to neutral at 280 and 320 °C, respectively. The crystalline cellulose of the samples in the X-ray diffraction analysis changed to amorphous at various temperatures for each material. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, all species showed a considerable change in hemicellulose peaks at 280 °C and a substantial change in cellulose peaks at 320 °C. In conclusion, the carbonized bamboo culm showed a considerable difference, at 200 °C to 320 °C, in the physical and chemical characteristics.

Proximate analysis of bamboo culm and wood carbonized at low temperatures: A comparative study

“…The bamboo and wood materials that were used in this study were obtained from samples that had been used in a previous study (Yang et al 2022). Three bamboo culms each from three-year-old Indonesian bamboo, giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus), betung bamboo (D. asper), kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), and tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), were obtained from the bamboo arboretum at the IPB University, West Java, Indonesia (6°20'21" S, 106°33'58" E).…”

“…Carbonization was performed as described by Yang et al (2022). Samples of bamboo culm and wood with dimensions of 20 mm (longitudinal) × 10 mm (radial) × 10 mm (tangential) were carbonized in an electric furnace (Supertherm, HT 16/16, Germany) at 200, 240, 280, and 320 °C.…”

“…In the authors' previous study, there were differences in the physical and chemical characteristics between bamboo species and between bamboo and wood that had been carbonized at low temperatures (Yang et al 2022). However, further study was needed on the proximate analysis of bamboo and wood carbonized at low temperatures to establish a baseline dataset on the carbonization mechanism from raw materials to charcoal for further use as an eco-friendly biomass resource.…”

Elevating Timber Sustainability: Exploring Non-Chemical Wood Modification via Air Heat Treatment for Diverse Applications

“…However, Anthocephalus cadamba trees are included in the category of fast-growing wood species [16]. The characteristics of fast-growing wood are usually low specific gravity and can have an impact on the dimensional stability of wood [17][18][19][20].…”