Physical and Chemical Characteristics of “Respirable” Coal Mine Dust*

Corn, Morton; Stein, F.; Hammad, Yehia Y.; Manekshaw, S.; Bell, William; Penkala, Stanley J.; Freedman, Robert W.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb40174.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Maximal and equivalent inhibition of interferon production occurred with coal particle sizes ranging from <2-0 to 19-1 ,uM. The size of these particles encompasses the range found in respirable coal dust samples, i.e., from 7-1 to less than 10O,uM (Corn et al, 1972). Coal dust having a particle size of approximately 7 0 ,tM and ranging in concentration [from 0-1 to 0-001 g per 3 x 107 cells markedly depressed viral-induction of interferon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers by coal dust

Hahon

1974

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers by coal dust

Hahon

1974

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…The ability to depress viral induction of interferon was dependent on coal dust concentration and on particle size (12). Maximal and equivalent inhibition of interferon production was attained with coal dust particle sizes ranging from <2.0 to 19.1 ,m. The size of these particles encompasses the range found in respirable coal mine dust (6,29). Coal dust particles greater than 19.1 gm did not markedly affect interferon production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Counteraction of poly(4-vinylpyridine-n-oxide) on the depression of viral interferon induction by coal dust

Hahon¹

1976

Infect Immun

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The depressive activity of coal dust on interferon induction by influenza was markedly subverted when either coal dust or LLC-MK2 cell monolayers were pretreated with poly (4-vinylpyridine-N-oside). The polymer alone neither induced interferon synthesis, inhibited viral induction of interferon, influenced viral multiplication, nor affected cellular-induced resistance by interferon. Absorption of the polymer to coal dust not only occurred at a more rapid rate than to cell monolayers, but also less polymer was required to pretreat coal dust than cell monolayers to achieve comparable amelioration of interferon production. The polymer effectively negated the adverse activity of coal dust particles, irrespective of the latter's size (is less than 2.0 to 74.0 mum). Virus multiplication in the presence of coal dust=treated cell monolayers attained a level that was twofol higher than that noted with either polymer-pretreated coal dust or polymer-pretreated cell monolayers. Interferon production was almost completely inhibited in the presence of coal dust; pretreating coal dust or cells with the polymer abrogated this inhibitory activity of coal dust. It is tentatively suggested that coal dust particles per se directly interact with cell membranes to subvert interferon induction and that the formation of an absorbed polymerlayer on these complexes prevents their interaction.

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“…CWP can even effectively progress among coal workers after exposure removal [1,2,4,108]. The risk of CWP prevalence is associated with RCMD composition, concentration, and exposure duration [4,22,109]. Doney et al [74,110] investigated the mass concentrations of RCMD and RCS using the MSHA database between 1982 and 2017.…”

Section: Rcmd Exposure Limits and Regulations In The Major Coal Producer Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To properly understand the characterization of RCMD, a more detailed depiction of the respirable dust is required. Even now, no fundamental approach to systematically and provisionally classify coal mine dust has been proposed [17,[21][22][23]109,[113][114][115]. Nevertheless, various methods have been used to characterize RCMD, including scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX or SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), XRD, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [5,7,9,17,21,109,116-121].…”

Section: Rcmd Characteristics and Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

et al. 2021

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In the late 1990s, despite years of efforts to understand and reduce coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) prevalence from more than 30% in 1970 to less than 4.2%, the level of occurrence among the US coal miners increased unexpectedly. The recent resurgence of lung diseases has raised concerns in the scientific and regulatory communities. In 2014, the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) issued a new dust rule changing the respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) exposure limits, measurement technology, and sampling protocol. The analysis for probable causes for the substantial increase in the CWP incidence rate is rather complicated. This paper aims to conduct a review of RCMD respiratory deposition, health effects, monitoring, regulations, and particle characteristics. The primary sources of RCMD along with the health risks from potential exposure are highlighted, and the current RCMD exposure regulations of the major coal producer countries are compared. A summary of RCMD characterization studies from 1972 to the present is provided. A review of the literature revealed that numerous factors, including geological and mining parameters, advancements in mining practices, particle characteristics, and monitoring approaches are considered to contribute to the recent resurgence of RCMD lung diseases. However, the root causes of the problem are still unknown. The effectiveness of the new dust rules in the United States will probably take years to be correctly assessed. Therefore, future research is needed to understand the relationship between RCMD particle characteristics and lung deposition, and the efficacy of current monitoring practices to measure the true dose of RCMD exposure.

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Physical and Chemical Characteristics of “Respirable” Coal Mine Dust*

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers by coal dust

Depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers by coal dust

Counteraction of poly(4-vinylpyridine-n-oxide) on the depression of viral interferon induction by coal dust

Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

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