Physical and chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt volcanism

Crustal contamination of Late Neogene basalts in the Dien Bien Phu Basin, NW Vietnam: Some insights from petrological and geochronological studies

“…Carlson, 1991;Hergt et al, 1991;Arndt et al, 1993), and is difficult to identify on the basis of rock geochemistry alone, even if the chemical compositions of both contaminant and magmatic sources are known independently (e.g. Carlson and Hart, 1988;Barling et al, 1994).…”

Fractionation and contamination of Maquereau Group lavas, southern Gaspé, Québec Appalachians

“…There is an ongoing debate about which processes control the chemistry of continental basalts, and considerable uncertainty regarding the relative roles of mantle source chemistry, crustal contamination, mantle melting, and fractionation (e.g., Dupuy and Dostal, 1984;Thompson et al, 1984;Huppert and Sparks, 1985;Sparks, 1986;Marsh, 1987;Carlson, 1991;Gallagher and Hawkesworth, 1992;Arndt and Christensen, 1992;Hooper and Hawkesworth 1993;Legault et al, 1994;Bernstein, 1994). In this chapter we attempt to evaluate the relative contributions of fractionation, crustal contamination, and source chemistry in the generation of the Maquereau Group basalts.…”

Magmatic history of the Eastern Creek Volcanics, Mt Isa, Australia: insights from trace-element and platinum-group-element geochemistry

“…Intraplate magmatism can be triggered by either a deep mantle plume or lithospheric extension related to regional tectonics (Carlson 1991;Hawkesworth & Gallagher 1993). Continental flood basalts are the most voluminous form of intraplate magmatism and are most commonly attributed to a mantle plume due to the large volumes of magma which erupt over short periods of time, implying massive mantle melting due to an anomalously hot heat source (Carlson 1991).…”

“…Continental flood basalts are the most voluminous form of intraplate magmatism and are most commonly attributed to a mantle plume due to the large volumes of magma which erupt over short periods of time, implying massive mantle melting due to an anomalously hot heat source (Carlson 1991). However, continental flood basalts can also be attributed to intracontinental rifting such as backarc spreading, often involving smaller volumes of magma sourced from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (Carlson 1991;Hawkesworth & Gallagher 1993;Puffer 2001).…”