Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil and Gas Under Reservoir and Deep-Sea Conditions

Oldenburg, Thomas B. P.; Jaeger, Philip; Gros, Jonas; Socolofsky, Scott A.; Pesch, Simeon; Radović, Jagoš R.; Jaggi, Aprami

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11605-7_3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Overall, several elements like the restrictions in accurately measuring the prevailing oceanographic conditions and the limited available data on released volumes, exact location, fluxes, etc., make the modeling of deep subsea releases more demanding than shallow-water and surface releases. In blowouts/buoyant jets, this is attributed mostly to the expanded interaction among oil and the water column, in advance of atmospheric exposure, the presence of strong ocean currents, high pressures and low temperatures near the seabed, the interaction with the sub-bottom rocky layers and submarine sediments, and the existence of high pressures and temperatures in oil and gas reservoirs [152][153][154][157][158][159]. A detailed description of the convoluted thermodynamic processes, which take place in the near-field, and the hydrodynamic processes in the far-field is presented, for example, in [159].…”

Section: Surface Oil Spill Models and Blowout/buoyant Plume Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Spill Modeling: A Critical Review on Current Trends, Perspectives, and Challenges

Keramea

Spanoudaki

Zodiatis

et al. 2021

JMSE

156

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Several oil spill simulation models exist in the literature, which are used worldwide to simulate the evolution of an oil slick created from marine traffic, petroleum production, or other sources. These models may range from simple parametric calculations to advanced, new-generation, operational, three-dimensional numerical models, coupled to meteorological, hydrodynamic, and wave models, forecasting in high-resolution and with high precision the transport and fate of oil. This study presents a review of the transport and oil weathering processes and their parameterization and critically examines eighteen state-of-the-art oil spill models in terms of their capacity (a) to simulate these processes, (b) to consider oil released from surface or submerged sources, (c) to assimilate real-time field data for model initiation and forcing, and (d) to assess uncertainty in the produced predictions. Based on our review, the most common oil weathering processes involved are spreading, advection, diffusion, evaporation, emulsification, and dispersion. The majority of existing oil spill models do not consider significant physical processes, such as oil dissolution, photo-oxidation, biodegradation, and vertical mixing. Moreover, timely response to oil spills is lacking in the new generation of oil spill models. Further improvements in oil spill modeling should emphasize more comprehensive parametrization of oil dissolution, biodegradation, entrainment, and prediction of oil particles size distribution following wave action and well blow outs.

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Section: Surface Oil Spill Models and Blowout/buoyant Plume Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Spill Modeling: A Critical Review on Current Trends, Perspectives, and Challenges

Keramea

Spanoudaki

Zodiatis

et al. 2021

JMSE

156

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“…Diesel used in this experiment was obtained from a local gas station where common diesel is comprised of 75% saturated hydrocarbons and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons with an average formula of C 12 H 23 . Crude oil used in this experiment came from the Macondo oil reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico, and similar to crude oils produced offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, is a light, nonviscous oil with initial API gravity of 35° ( 98 ). Microcosms were established in 160-ml glass serum bottles with a 1:4 ratio of sediment to medium and incubated at 4°C to simulate ambient benthic temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel and Crude Oil Biodegradation by Cold-Adapted Microbial Communities in the Labrador Sea

Murphy

Bautista

Cramm

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Oil spills in the subarctic marine environment off the coast of Labrador, Canada, are increasingly likely due to potential oil production and increases in ship traffic in the region. To understand the microbiome response and how nutrient biostimulation promotes biodegradation of oil spills in this cold marine setting, marine sediment microcosms amended with diesel or crude oil were incubated at in situ temperature (4°C) for several weeks. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes following these spill simulations revealed decreased microbial diversity and enrichment of putative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria that differed by petroleum product. Metagenomic sequencing revealed Paraperlucidibaca and Cycloclasticus harbour previously unrecognized capabilities for alkane biodegradation. Genomic and amplicon sequencing together suggest that Oleispira and Thalassolituus degraded alkanes from diesel, while Zhongshania and the novel PGZG01 lineage contributed to crude oil alkane biodegradation. Greater losses in PAHs from crude oil than from diesel were consistent with Marinobacter , Pseudomonas _ D and Amphritea genomes exhibiting aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation potential. Biostimulation with nitrogen and phosphorus (4.67 mM NH 4 Cl; 1.47 mM KH 2 PO 4 ) was effective at enhancing n -alkane and PAH degradation following low concentration (0.1% v/v) diesel and crude oil amendments, while at higher concentrations (1% v/v) only n -alkanes in diesel were consumed, suggesting toxicity induced by compounds in unrefined crude oil. Biostimulation allowed for a more rapid turnover in the microbial community in response to petroleum amendments, more than doubling the rates of CO 2 increase during the first few weeks of incubation. Importance Increases in transportation of diesel and crude oil in the Labrador Sea will pose a significant threat to remote benthic and shoreline environments, where coastal communities and wildlife are particularly vulnerable to oil spill contaminants. Whereas marine microbiology has not been incorporated into environmental assessments in the Labrador Sea, there is a growing demand for microbial biodiversity evaluations given the pronounced impact of climate change in this region. Benthic microbial communities are important to consider given that a fraction of spilled oil typically sinks such that its biodegradation occurs at the seafloor, where novel taxa with previously unrecognized potential to degrade hydrocarbons were discovered in this work. Understanding how cold-adapted microbiomes catalyze hydrocarbon degradation at low in situ temperature is crucial in the Labrador Sea, which remains relatively cold throughout the year.

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“…c Estimated from Mango ratios (Jarvie et al, 2015) using the composition of 2-and 3-methyl pentanes and 2-and 3-methyl hexanes in MW-1 oil ( responders decided to convert the larger, faster-rising oil droplets into small droplets that would remain in the deep sea applied chemical dispersants directly at the outflow near the seafloor. Overton et al (2016), Kujawinski et al (2020), and Oldenburg et al (2020) included bulk and molecular information on the Macondo oil in their reviews of the chemical analysis of original and transformed petroleum spilled during the DWH incident at mid-term and toward the end of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), respectively. Petroleum sampled directly above the Macondo well during the blowout ("live oil"; Table 2) was determined to have a GOR of 1,600 standard cubic feet per barrel petroleum (Reddy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Physical Properties and Chemical Composition Of Macondo Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Was Released? Assessing the Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of Petroleum and Products of Burned Oil

Rullkötter¹,

Farrington²

2021

Oceanog

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The severity of oil spills depends on the quantity of material released and its physical and chemical properties. The total amount of petroleum spilled during the Deepwater Horizon incident and the relative fractions of the chemical compound classes of the Macondo oil were obtained by measurements, observations, and model calculations, with a significant amount of uncertainty. Because petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of many thousands or more of gaseous, liquid, and solid constituents, full elucidation of their compositions at the molecular level is impossible with presently available analytical techniques. This paper reviews published work on widely used analytical techniques and points out that scientists’ varying approaches to research questions and preferences for methods of analysis constitute a source of uncertainty. In addition, the focus is on two technical advancements developed over the last two decades, namely two-dimensional gas chromatography and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Both were particularly valuable in the analysis of the spilled Macondo oil and its weathering products. Among the different processes of alteration of the original oil, only in situ oil burning is dealt with in this paper. This review reveals the paucity of data on this mitigation process and shows the need for more systematic coordination of methods in burned oil research studies.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil and Gas Under Reservoir and Deep-Sea Conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Oil Spill Modeling: A Critical Review on Current Trends, Perspectives, and Challenges

Oil Spill Modeling: A Critical Review on Current Trends, Perspectives, and Challenges

Diesel and Crude Oil Biodegradation by Cold-Adapted Microbial Communities in the Labrador Sea

What Was Released? Assessing the Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of Petroleum and Products of Burned Oil

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