Physical and Chemical Properties of the Gelatinous Layer in Tension Wood Fibres of Aspen<i>(Populus tremula</i>L.)

Norberg, Per; Meier, Hans

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1966.20.6.174

Cited by 131 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…These observations of high longitudinal shrinkage in G-layer are contrary to the results of Norberg and Meier (1966), although it is rather difficult to measure strains of a few percent with photographs as these authors did. Thus, G-layer shrinkage, far to be negligible, could be the driving force of high macroscopic longitudinal shrinkage observed in tension wood.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Even though transversal structure of G-layer is subject to controversy (Norberg & Meier 1966;Côté et al 1969;Faruya et al 1970), these observations pose the problem of longitudinal arrangement of the cellulose microfibrils. Longitudinal shrinkage needs the presence of hygro-sensible zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in G layer, microfibril angle is very low or nil (Chaffey 2000), even when macroscopic longitudinal shrinkage is high (Clarke 1937;Chow 1946;Sassus 1998). Norberg and Meier (1966) had isolated portion of G layer and said that they do not show high longitudinal shrinkage. The G layer is generally loosened from S 2 layer and this latter one is very thin in tension wood.…”

Section: Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shrinkage of the Gelatinous Layer of Poplar and Beech Tension Wood

Clair¹,

Thibaut²

2001

IAWA J

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SUMMARYMacroscopic longitudinal shrinkage in beech or poplar tension wood is higher than in normal wood. This shrinkage is the result of cell walls layers mechanical interactions. In order to complete the basic data with a view to modelling the cell wall, we are interested in shrinkage differences between cell wall layers and especially of Glayer in poplar and beech. Wood samples in green condition are cut with a razor blade, and then dried before observation. SEM observation shows longitudinal shrinkage much more important in gelatinous layer than in other layers. AFM topographic images of same cells, both in water and in air-dry conditions, confirm this result. Measurements on thin sections allow quantitative results around 4.7 % longitudinal shrinkage for G-layer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shrinkage of the Gelatinous Layer of Poplar and Beech Tension Wood

Clair¹,

Thibaut²

2001

IAWA J

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“…In many species such as beech, poplar, oak or chestnut, tension wood contains fibres with a special morphology and chemical composition due to the development of the so-called gelatinous layer (G-layer) [42] replacing the S 3 layer and a part or the whole of the S 2 layer [48]. The G-layer is known to have high cellulose content with a high degree of crystallinity [15,39] and to contain microfibrils oriented along the axis of the cell [25]. province, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

et al. 2008

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-Six inclined poplar I-69 (Populus deltoids cv. I-69/55) trees were collected for studying the influence of growth stress level on wood properties. Growth stress indicator (GSI) was measured at eight positions around the periphery of each trunk at breast height and corresponding wood samples were obtained. Wood anatomical, physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics were measured, including cell diameter, fibre length, double wall thickness excluding the gelatinous layer, lumen diameter after gelatinous layer removal, proportion of wood tissues, basic density, FSP, MOE, compressive strength, shrinkage and chemical composition. Each property was regarded and discussed in relation to the growth stress level. Populus deltoids

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“…[15][16][17][18] It is therefore surprising to observe a large L shrinkage exceeding 1% in tension woods where the MFA is the smallest. [19][20][21][22] Norberg and Meier, 5 who observed isolated portions of the G-layer, reported that they do not exhibit high longitudinal shrinkage. The G-layer is generally loosened from the S 2 layer and this latter one is very thin in tension wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Gel in the Cell Wall To Elucidate the Paradoxical Shrinkage of Tension Wood

et al. 2007

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Wood behavior is characterized by high sensibility to humidity and strongly anisotropic properties. The drying shrinkage along the fibers, usually small due to the reinforcing action of cellulosic microfibrils, is surprisingly high in the so-called tension wood, produced by trees to respond to strong reorientation requirements. In this study, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of supercritically dried tension wood and normal wood show that the tension wood cell wall has a gel-like structure characterized by a pore surface more than 30 times higher than that in normal wood. Syneresis of the tension wood gel explains its paradoxical drying shrinkage. This result could help to reduce technological problems during drying. Potential applications in biomechanics and biomimetics are worth investigating, considering that, in living trees, tension wood produces tensile growth stresses 10 times higher than that of normal wood.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of the Gelatinous Layer in Tension Wood Fibres of Aspen(Populus tremulaL.)

Cited by 131 publications

References 0 publications

Shrinkage of the Gelatinous Layer of Poplar and Beech Tension Wood

Shrinkage of the Gelatinous Layer of Poplar and Beech Tension Wood

Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

Characterization of a Gel in the Cell Wall To Elucidate the Paradoxical Shrinkage of Tension Wood

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