Physical and chemical properties of the aerosol within the southeastern Pacific marine boundary layer

Tomlinson, Jason; Li, Runjun; Collins, D. R.

doi:10.1029/2006jd007771

Cited by 63 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…by Bigg et al (1984); O'Dowd et al (1997), which is confirmed also by modelling studies (Adams et al, 1999). Particles of similar hygroscopicity and volatility as here were also recently measured in south-eastern Pacific by Tomlinson et al (2007). They measured hygroscopicities of particles to be on the order of, or even higher, than those of ammonium bisulphate.…”

Section: Particle Volatilitysupporting

confidence: 71%

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Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The Antarctic near-coastal sub-micrometre aerosol particle features in summer were characterised based on measured data on aerosol hygroscopicity, size distributions, volatility and chemical ion and organic carbon mass concentrations. Hysplit model was used to calculate the history of the air masses to predict the particle origin. Additional measurements of meteorological parameters were utilised. The hygroscopic properties of particles mostly resembled those of marine aerosols. The measurements took place at 130 km from the Southern Ocean, which was the most significant factor affecting the particle properties. This is explained by the lack of additional sources on the continent of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean was thus a likely source of the particles and nucleating and condensing vapours. The particles were very hygroscopic (HGF 1.75 at 90 nm) and very volatile. Most of the sub-100 nm particle volume volatilised below 100 • C. Based on chemical data, particle hygroscopic and volatile properties were explained by a large fraction of non-neutralised sulphuric acid together with organic material. The hygroscopic growth factors assessed from chemical data were similar to measured. Hygroscopicity was higher in dry continental air masses compared with the moist marine air masses. This was explained by the aging of the marine organic species and lower methanesulphonic acid volume fraction together with the changes in the inorganic aerosol chemistry as the aerosol had travelled long time over the continental Antarctica. Special focus wasCorrespondence to: E. Asmi (eija.asmi@fmi.fi) directed in detailed examination of the observed new particle formation events. Indications of the preference of negative over positive ions in nucleation could be detected. However, in a detailed case study, the neutral particles dominated the particle formation process. Freshly nucleated particles had the smallest hygroscopic growth factors, which increased subsequent to particle aging.

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Section: Particle Volatilitysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Massling et al, 2007;Tomlinson et al, 2007). Swietlicki et al (2008) summarise various HGF measurements around the world and discuss the composition of the marine "more hygroscopic" particles.…”

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

et al. 2010

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“…Past shipboard measurements (Kollias et al, 2004;Petters et al, 2006;Tomlinson et al, 2007;Wood et al, 2008) reported an increase in the number of Aitken-mode aerosols in the very clean regions of the POCs, suggesting that the low aerosol concentrations in the POC allow for the nucleation of Aitkenmode aerosols. Their growth to accumulation-mode sizes Atmos.…”

Section: Aitken-mode Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft observations of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and boundary layer properties in pockets of open cells over the southeast Pacific

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Five pockets of open cells (POCs) are studied using aircraft flights from the VOCALS Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), conducted in October and November 2008 over the southeast Pacific Ocean. Satellite imagery from the geostationary satellite GOES-10 is used to distinguish POC areas, and measurements from the aircraft flights are used to compare aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and boundary layer conditions inside and outside of POCs. Conditions observed across individual POC cases are also compared.POCs are observed in boundary layers with a wide range of inversion heights (1250 to 1600 m) and surface wind speeds (5 to 11 m s −1 ) and show no remarkable difference from the observed surface and free-tropospheric conditions during the two months of the field campaign. In all cases, compared to the surrounding overcast region the POC boundary layer is more decoupled, supporting both thin stratiform and deeper cumulus clouds. Although cloud-base precipitation rates are higher in the POC than the overcast region in each case, a threshold precipitation rate that differentiates POC precipitation from overcast precipitation does not exist. Mean cloud-base precipitation rates in POCs can range from 1.7 to 5.8 mm d −1 across different POC cases. The occurrence of heavy drizzle (> 0 dBZ) lower in the boundary layer better differentiates POC precipitation from overcast precipitation, likely leading to the more active cold pool formation in POCs. Cloud droplet number concentration is at least a factor of 8 smaller in the POC clouds, and the ratio of drizzle water to cloud water in POC clouds is over an order of magnitude larger than that in overcast clouds, indicating an enhancement of collision-coalescence processes in POC clouds.Despite large variations in the accumulation-mode aerosol concentrations observed in the surrounding overcast region (65 to 324 cm −3 ), the accumulation-mode aerosol concentrations observed in the subcloud layer of all five POCs exhibit a much narrower range (24 to 40 cm −3 ), and cloud droplet concentrations within the cumulus updrafts originating in this layer reflect this limited variability. Above the POC subcloud layer exists an ultraclean layer with accumulationmode aerosol concentrations < 5 cm −3 , demonstrating that in-cloud collision-coalescence processes efficiently remove aerosols. The existence of the ultraclean layer also suggests that the major source of accumulation-mode aerosols, and hence of cloud condensation nuclei in POCs, is the ocean surface, while entrainment of free-tropospheric aerosols is weak. The measurements also suggest that at approximately 30 cm −3 a balance of surface source and coalescence scavenging sinks of accumulation-mode aerosols maintain the narrow range of observed subcloud aerosol concentrations.

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“…Over the open oceans, there have only been a few recorded observations of new particle formation (Covert et al 1992(Covert et al , 1996aClarke et al 1998;Hoppel et al 1994;Ehn et al 2010). Observations of a significant nucleation event by Kollias et al (2004) in the southeastern Pacific appear to be due to emissions from South America (Tomlinson et al 2007). Examination of some of the experimental data indicates that under typical marine conditions, nucleation does not occur.…”

Section: Secondary Organic Marine Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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Physical and chemical properties of the aerosol within the southeastern Pacific marine boundary layer

Abstract: Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at the peak in-cloud supersaturation and over a range in supersaturation were calculated using the collected data. The data were also used to quantify the number to volume concentration ratio of the accumulation mode aerosol.

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

Hygroscopicity and chemical composition of Antarctic sub-micrometre aerosol particles and observations of new particle formation

Aircraft observations of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and boundary layer properties in pockets of open cells over the southeast Pacific

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

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