Physical and Chemical Properties of Uranium

Gindler, J.E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65551-7_2

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…A variety of materials on radiation effects, obtained from animal experiments and studies in humans were published [3,[119][120][121]. As it has already highlighted above, from literature data it results that all uranium mixtures, natural, depleted or enriched, are considered chemical toxins that may result in nephrotoxic effects [3,122,123].…”

Section: Uranium Compounds Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium

Gavrilescu¹,

Pavel²,

Creţescu³

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

515

195

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Section: Uranium Compounds Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Because all uranium isotopes mainly emit alpha particles that have little penetrating ability, the main radiation hazard from uranium occurs when uranium compounds are ingested or inhaled [118][119][120].…”

Section: Uranium Compounds Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium

Gavrilescu¹,

Pavel²,

Creţescu³

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

515

195

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“…At temperatures of 200-400 °C, uranium powder is able to selfignite in atmospheres of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Oxidation of uranium under certain conditions may generate sufficient energy to cause an explosion (Gindler 1973). Friction caused by the penetration of bullets or missiles into a tank or armoured vehicle can cause the ignition of uranium, forming a concentrated ceramic aerosol composed of insoluble particles of uranium oxide, UO 2 or UO 3 , in a mist or a fog, capable of killing most personnel in the vehicle.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Properties Of Dumentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological aspects of depleted uranium

Patočka¹,

Kassa²,

Štětina³

et al. 2004

JAB

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Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process and has been used for decades in different applications. Recently depleted uranium is used as an anti-armour munition because of its profitable physical properties. One of these, the ability to ignite and burn at very high temperatures, may result in the formation of an aerosol of very small uranium oxide clusters, which may be inhaled. It is alleged that these particles represent a new battlefield hazard because of the radioactivity and chemical toxicity of uranium.

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“…Several major reviews all the toxicology of uranium compounds have been published in recent years, including an excellent summary on uranium metabolism and its acute and chronic toxicity (Durbin and Wrenn 1975), two books summarizing the rnimal and human studies on uranium by Hodge, Stannard, and Hursh (1973) and Stannard (1988), and an excellent review of metabolic models for uranium (Durbin 1984). The physical and chemical properties of uranium have also been discussed in depth by Gindler (1973). The behavior and chemical toxicity of uranium in kidney tissue was also extensively reviewed by Leggett (1989).…”

Section: Toxicology Of Uranlummentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of health effects in Sequoyah Fuels Corporation workers from accidental exposure to uranium hexafluoride

Fisher

Swint²,

Kathren³

1990

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Urine bioassay ~easurements for uranium and medical laborato ry resu~ts were studied to determine whether there were any health effects from urcnium intake among a group of 31 workers exposed to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) and hydrolysis products following the accidental rupture of a 14-tun shipping cylinder in early 1986 at the Sequoyah FJels Corporation uranium conversion facility in Gore, Oklahoffid. Physiological indicators studied to detect kidney tissue damage inc "i uded tests for urinary protein, casts and cells, blood, specific gravity, and urine pH, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine. We concluded after reviewing two years of follow-up medical data that none of the 31 workers sustained any observable health effects from exposure to uranium. The early excretion of uranium in urine showed more rapid systemic uptake of uranium from the lung than is assumed using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 30 and Publication 54 models. The urinary excretion dota from these workers were USE" to develop an improved systemic recycling model for inhaled soluble uranium. We estimated initial intakes, clearance rates, kidney burdens, and resulting radiation doses to lungs, kidneys, and bone surfaces. Radiation dose limits and limits on intake, as recommended by the JCRP , were not exceeded. However, the NRC derived limit of 9.6 mg was exceeded by eight of the 31 workers. Maximum kidney concentrations in exposed workers ranged from 0.05 to 2.5 ~~ U/g kidney tissue. We found no toxicological effects on the kidneys of workers at these concentrations. Uranium urinalyses and medical laboratol'Y result s on Dlo od dnli lit' in c were studied to determine whether ~here were Jnv health eff ect s i n 3 1 \':orkcl's exposed to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) following-the acciden ta l r u~lu r e of d 14-ton shipping cylinde:r in early 1986 at a uranium convers io n facil ity in Gore, Oklahoma. The workers were likely exposed t o very hi gtl concent ' ,t(ia/;s of ai rborne uranium for short time periods. The mos t imp ort Jnt Sil()\'t •, t eli ll concern was inhalation of hydrofluoric acid (HF) with pos s ibl e l ung d lilldge and skin-exposure burns. The major long-term concern wa s kidney dd ll ldCJC in workers with significant intakes of uranium. Urinalyse s wet' e pe r forJ1!ed 0 11 workers to evaluate their health and kidney function. The data were also evaluated to estimate their initial intakes of ura~ium, resulting r adi ation doses to bone surfcces, kidneys, and lungs, and the resu It i ng (oIllmi tte d effective dose equivalent (a measure of risk to the whole body). ~he physiological indicators studied to detect kidney tissue damage by uranium poisoning included tests for urinary protein, casts and cells, urinary blood, specific gravity, pH of the urine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine. Physical examination and pulmonary function ' est res ults over a two-year follow-up period were also evaluated. We conclud ed fr om review of the medical records and laboratory results tha...

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Uranium

Cited by 14 publications

References 166 publications

Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium

Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium

Toxicological aspects of depleted uranium

Evaluation of health effects in Sequoyah Fuels Corporation workers from accidental exposure to uranium hexafluoride

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