Physical and chemical properties study of the activated carbon made from sewage sludge

Chen, Xiaoge; Jeyaseelan, S.; Graham, Nigel

doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(02)00057-0

Cited by 217 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition to being good catalyst and catalyst support, carbon materials are effective in removing pollutants (both gaseous and liquid). Further carbon materials being insensitive to toxic substances and corrosive (acidic and basic) environments, its regeneration is possible and easy, rendering the industrial use of carbon materials an economically viable option [9,10]. A fact observed by researchers that the specific physico -chemical properties that make carbon materials a potential adsorbent for pollutants are high specific surface area, porous architecture, high adsorption capacity and surface functionality [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence chemical recycling of wastes has been recognized as one of the suitable methods of waste management and also to recover valuable products, the net result is zero-waste world. There have been many attempts to obtain lowcost carbon (activated) from agricultural wastes such as sunflower shell [10], pinecone [12], cotton residues [12], olive residues [12], wheat [13], corn straw 13], olive stones [14,15], bagasse [14,15], birch wood [14,15], miscanthus [14,15], rapeseed [16], pine rayed [17], eucalyptus maculata [17], sugarcane bagasse [17,18], rice hulls [18], pecan shells [18], grape seeds [19], cherry stones [19], hazelnut shells [20], apricot stones [19,20], almond shells [19,21], peach stones [22], straw [14,15,23], oat hulls [24,25], corn stover [24,25], peanut hull [26], nut shells [19,[27][28][29][30], corn cob [22,[31][32]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Activated carbon from grass – A green alternative catalyst support for water electrolysis

Kalyani¹,

Anitha

Darchen

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Abstract:Grass blades (turf grass) have been selected as a cheap biomass source of producing activated carbon for supporting Pt particles for utilizing as electrocatalyst for H 2 generation through electrolysis of water. Activation is done using ZnCl 2 followed by thermal processing at 250 o C. 1% Pt was supported over the grass derived activated biomass carbon (G-ABC) powder to result in Pt@G-ABC. After physical characterization, Pt@G-ABC sample has been tested for its catalytic activity in 1M sulphuric acid solution for H 2 gas generation through Linear Sweep & Cyclic Voltammetry. Cost factor involved in the production of G-ABC has also been compared with the traditional commercially available carbon support. The studies suggest that grass may be considered not only as a potential alternative source for producing carbon supported catalyst for H 2 generation but also highlight the production of low-cost carbon for further applications like electrode materials, adsorbent for color, odor and hazardous pollutants.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon from grass – A green alternative catalyst support for water electrolysis

Kalyani¹,

Anitha

Darchen

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Furthermore, another band at around 3,533 cm -1 was observed in CMK-3 samples. It was mainly caused by the O-H stretching vibration of the adsorbed water molecules (Chen et al 2002;Vinke et al 1994). The intensity of 3,533 cm -1 band in OCMK-3 was similar to that of CMK-3.…”

Section: Regeneration Studiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

A zinc oxide-coated nanoporous carbon adsorbent for lead removal from water: Optimization, equilibrium modeling, and kinetics studies

Zolfaghari

Esmaili-Sari

Anbia

et al. 2012

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A zinc oxide-coated nanoporous carbon sorbent was prepared by acid modification and ZnO functionalization of mesoporous carbon. The synthesized materials, such as mesoporous carbon, oxidized mesoporous carbon and zinc oxide-coated nanoporous carbon, were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. ZnO on oxidized mesoporous carbon gradually increased with increase in the number of cycles. Furthermore, the effects of agitation time, initial metal ions concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and pH on the efficiency of Pb(II) ion removal were investigated as the controllable factors by Taguchi method. The value of correlation coefficients showed that the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. Among the adsorbents, zinc oxide-coated nanoporous carbon showed the largest adsorption capacity of 522.8 mg/g (2.52 mmol/g) which was almost close to that of the zinc oxide-coated (2.38 mmol/g), indicating the monolayer spreading of ZnO onto the oxidized mesoporous carbon. The results of the present study suggest that ZnO-coated nanoporous carbon can be effectively used for Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution, whereas a part of acidic functional groups may be contributed to binding the Pb(II) for the oxidized mesoporous carbon and mesoporous carbon.Kinetic studies indicated that the overall adsorption process of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order model. The ZnO-coated nanoporous carbon was regenerated and found to be suitable of reuse of the adsorbent for successive adsorption-desorption cycles without considerable loss of adsorption capacity.

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“…The level of oxygen-containing surface functional groups on the ACs were determined by Boehm's method of titration with basic solutions of different base strengths (NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NaOH) as reported [38,48]. The textural properties of AC was measured with a surface area analyzer (Quantachrome, Autosorb-1) using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Acs And Different Glycerol Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the temperatures used in chemical activation are lower than those used in the physical activation process, resulting in the development of a better porous structure and catalytic activity compared to that derived from the physical activation process [30]. Chemical activation typically uses alkali and alkaline earth metal-containing substances and some acids, such as KOH [27,[31][32][33], NaOH [34,35], HNO 3 [36], ZnCl 2 [37][38][39], and H 3 PO 4 [40][41][42], as activators, and various types of carbonaceous materials, such as coal-tar pitch, biomass, and industrial and domestic wastes, as the carbon source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of sludge-derived KOH-activated carbon for crude glycerol purification

Hunsom

Autthanit

2015

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from wastewater treatment sludge by KOH activation and then used for the adsorptive purification of crude glycerol (CG). The effect of different KOH: char (w/w) ratios (1-6), KOH soaking times (5-25 h), and activation temperatures (500-900°C) on the surface properties of the obtained sludge-derived ACs and their adsorption capacity for impurities in H 3 PO 4 pretreated CG was explored. The preparation conditions affected the textural properties and surface chemistry of the sludge-derived AC and its efficiency in the adsorptive purification of CG. Oxygen-containing surface functional groups, particularly carbonyl groups, as well as the textural properties, played a more important role in the adsorptive purification of CG. Among the sludge-derived ACs, the one impregnated at a KOH: char (w/w) ratio of 5.0 for 25 h and then activated at 800°C exhibited the most suitable surface properties for the purification of pretreated CG, attaining a 93.0 % (w/w) glycerol level at an AC dose of 67 g/L for 2 h with agitation at 250 rpm. The AC adsorption of impurities from the pretreated CG followed the Langmuir isotherm. However, the reusability of the used AC by hexane or diethyl ether extraction was not suitable.

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Physical and chemical properties study of the activated carbon made from sewage sludge

Cited by 217 publications

References 10 publications

Activated carbon from grass – A green alternative catalyst support for water electrolysis

Activated carbon from grass – A green alternative catalyst support for water electrolysis

A zinc oxide-coated nanoporous carbon adsorbent for lead removal from water: Optimization, equilibrium modeling, and kinetics studies

Preparation of sludge-derived KOH-activated carbon for crude glycerol purification

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