Physical and chemical variability of Camu-camu fruits in cultivated and uncultivated areas of the Colombian Amazon

Abstract

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, Myrtaceae) has the highest reported vitamin C concentrations of any native Amazonian fruit tree species, with increasing demand in domestic and international markets. With the goal of aiding management and conservation programs, we studied the diversity of camu-camu in cultivated and uncultivated areas, based on physicochemical characterization of the fruits. We evaluated 2,250 fruits from 87 plants from six localities of the Tarapacá district (Amazonas, Colombia) and from the Amazonian fruit germplasm bank of Agrosavia (Meta, Colombia). We found high physicochemical variability within and among localities, and superior fruits in the localities where non-cultivated plants were sampled, especially Pechiboy. Using correlations and principal component analyses, we identified the variables Brix value, ascorbic acid content, fruit weight and pulp yield as the most useful for intraspecific selection of plants. The most promising plants presented Brix values of 8.2 ± 0.88 (maximum 10.9), fruit mass of 14.4 ± 1.2 g (max. 18.4 g) and pulp yields of 0.82 ± 0.02 (max. 0.87). These plants can be considered as possible sources for future breeding work. We conclude that there are plants in Tarapacá with relevant characteristics for commercialization and improvement of the species.

Mono-n-butyl Malate-Derived Compounds from Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) Malic Acid: The Alkyl-Dependent Antihyperglycemic-Related Activity

“…For this reason, the whole fruit (pulp and peelings) was used in all of the experiments, in contrast to the previous works found in the literature . The physicochemical characterization of fresh camu-camu showed a pH value of 2.43 ± 0.03, a soluble solid content (SS) of 7.38 ± 0.18° Brix, and a titratable acidity value of 2.20 ± 0.85% citric acid; pH data agreed with previous studies, in which camu-camu was characterized as a highly acidic fruit even in its maturity stage. , The soluble solid content was higher than that is reported in the literature because the whole fruit (pulp and peelings) was used in this work.…”

“…The previous scoring tendency led us to examine the binding mode of (S)-4-butoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1) through the individual three-and two-dimensional (3D and 2D, respectively) diagrams to look for relevant interactions Selected ligands docked within the active site of the two test enzymes: acarbose (aca), glucose (glu), (1 → 6)-glucose trimer (glu 3 ), (S)-4-butoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1), (S)-4-butoxy-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (2), (S)-malic acid (3), dibutyl (S)-malate (4), (S)-4-isobutoxy-2hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (5), (S)-4-pentoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid ( 6), (S)-4-isopentoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (7), (S)-4propoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (8), (S)-4-isopropoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid ( 9), (S)-4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (10), and (S)-4-methoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-butanoic acid (11). b Scores obtained after molecular docking simulations with programs having different search algorithms and scoring functions: V = Vina scores, M = scores MolDock scores, G = GOLD scores, L = LibDock scores, C = CDOCKER scores.…”

“…Camu-camu, araca d’agua, cacari, or camo-camo (M. dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Myrtaceae family that occurs in flooded areas throughout the Amazon rainforest from Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, and Colombia Myciaria dubia fruit (Figure ) is considered a complex source of phytochemicals such as carotenoids (i.e., lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin, and luteoxanthin) and polyphenols (i.e., ellagic acid, myricetins, and proanthocyanidins) .…”

“…8,9 Camu-camu, araca d'agua, cacari, or camo-camo (M. dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Myrtaceae family that occurs in flooded areas throughout the Amazon rainforest from Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, and Colombia. 10 Myciaria dubia fruit (Figure 1) is considered a complex source of phytochemicals such as carotenoids (i.e., lutein, βcarotene, violaxanthin, and luteoxanthin) and polyphenols (i. ellagic acid, myricetins, and proanthocyanidins). 11 Different in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that M. dubia fruits exhibit health-promoting properties that can potentially prevent noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertension.…”

Physicochemical Characterization and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Myrciaria Floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg Accessions

“…However, variations in Campomanesia phaea fruits are reported ranging from 7.30 to 13.30 °Brix [ 13 ]. Physicochemical characteristics of Myrciaria dubia fruits from Tarapacá (Amazonas—Colombia) and from the Amazonian fruit tree Germplasm Bank of Agrosavia (Meta—Colombia) have lower values (7.49 and 10.9 °Brix) when compared to those reported in this study, which demonstrates that the contents of soluble solids in Myrtaceae can be quite variable [ 17 ].…”