“…Finally, the images are stitched and vectorized to retrieve the layout representation of the chip [32]. Note this process is yet to be fully automated, resulting in a highly time-intensive task prone to errors [31]. On the other hand, promising methods are utilizing x-ray diffraction or a confocal microscope to recover the inner structure of the IC without the need for delayering [33], i.e., without destroying the inspected sample.…”