Physical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Fruit-bearing and Underutilized Tree Species in the Philippines

Abstract

To help augment the raw material supply of the wood-based industries, the study evaluated the physical and mechanical properties (PMP) of six selected timber species in the Philippinesfour fruit-bearing and two underutilized tree species. The fruit-bearing species were "nangka" (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.), "santol" [Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.)], "durian" (Durio zibethinus Murray), and "marang" [Litsea perrottetti (Blume) F. Vill.] collected from Bislig, Surigao del Sur (Caraga Region, Mindanao), while the underutilized tree species were "antipolo" [Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr] and "batino" (Alstonia macrophylla G. Donn) collected from Batangas City and Quezon Province (Region IV, Luzon), respectively. Physical properties included relative density (RD), moisture content (MC), and shrinkage. Mechanical properties covered modulus of rupture, stress at proportional limit, and modulus of elasticity in static bending; compression parallel-and perpendicular-to-grain; shear; hardness; and toughness. Standard testing procedures (ASTM-D143) were followed. Variations on the six species' PMP were statistically analyzed, including the effect of individual trees and height levels. Among the six species, batino exhibited the highest RD (0.60), followed by nangka (0.49), antipolo (0.47), santol (0.46), marang (0.36), and durian (0.34).

Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Eucalyptus grandis laminates

“…Likewise, Özçifçi et al (2007) found that boric acid treatments negatively affected the shear strength of phenol–formaldehyde-bonded pine, beech, and poplar joints. Similar to the findings in this study, negative impacts of DOT on adhesive-bond shear strength were reported by Alipon et al (2018) on polyvinyl acetate, urea–formaldehyde, and phenol–formaldehyde bonds in bamboo wood composite; and by Vick et al (1990) on phenol–formaldehyde-bonded aspen veneer. There is also literature evidence that both boron- (Alamjuri et al 2010) and copper-based treatments (Miyazaki and Nakano 2002; Frihart 2003) accelerate or inhibit adhesive cure on preservative-treated woods.…”