In this study, changes in gas permeability and pore structure of wood are evaluated after heat treatment with temperatures ranging from 190 to 230 °C for 6 h for both hardwood (yellow poplar: Liriodendron tulipifera) and softwood (Korean red pine: Pinus densiflora). The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in pore size, content of three pore types (through pore, blind pore, and closed pore), as defined by IUPAC, and gas permeability by increasing heat treatment temperatures in hardwood and softwood using capillary flow porometry and gas pycnometry. As the heat treatment temperature increased, only through pore porosity increased, causing an increase in gas permeability.