Physical and Mechanical Properties of Archaeological Wood

Schniewind, Arno P.

doi:10.1021/ba-1990-0225.ch004

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…As expected for archaeological wood [2,27], deterioration of the Oseberg oak is particularly obvious from the strong degradation of hemicelluloses. This might be explained by a selective deterioration of non-crystalline carbohydrates in the total wood matrix relative to (crystalline) cellulose and lignin, as expected for degradation due to bacterial erosion [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A nano to macroscale study on structure-mechanics relationships of archaeological oak

Bader

Borst

Fackler

et al. 2013

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A nano to macroscale study on structure-mechanics relationships of archaeological oak

Bader

Borst

Fackler

et al. 2013

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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“…Wood was then oven dried for 24 hours at 60°C and then reweighed to the 100 th of a gram. Basic conventional density (Schniewind 1990) was calculated as oven-dry weight (g) divided by wet volume (cm 3 ). All references to wood density in this article are to the basic conventional density of wood.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Age and Density of Ancient and Modern Oak Wood in Streams and Sediments

Guyette¹,

Stambaugh²

2003

IAWA J

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SUMMARYLarge wood of oak trees (Quercus spp.) has resided in the streams and sediments of north Missouri, USA for many thousands of years. This wood affords the opportunity to compare a chronosequence of differences in wood density over a very long period. We analyzed the relationship between the age (residence time) and density of heartwood from oak boles using tree-ring and 14 C dating methods and discuss their implications. The residence time of large oak wood (> 25 cm diameter) sampled in the streams and sediments ranged from less than 14 years to more than 12,320 years. The oak wood ranged in density from 0.82 g cm -3 for a tree that had recently fallen into the stream to 0.14 g cm -3 for ancient oak wood. Two regression equations relate age (residence time) and density of oak wood and explain 88 percent of the variance in the dependent variables. Equation 1, heartwood density = age, can be used for studies in carbon cycling, wood as invertebrate habitat, or other questions related to the density and ecology of wood in streams such as wood retention and export. Equation 2, age = heartwood density, can be used for estimating when oak wood was formed on a very coarse scale over many thousands of years.

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“…In the case of waterlogged archaeological wood, degradation mechanisms are of interest. Previous studies on compressive mechanical properties of waterlogged archaeological wood of different origins (Bednar and Fengel 1974;Kommert 1986;Kú dela and Reinprecht 1990;Schniewind 1990) showed that a significant reduction in strength parallel to the grain is involved, although the woods were often significantly older and more degraded than the Vasa oak. Instead, degradation in water is caused by bacteria (Blanchette et al 1991;Bjö rdal et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schniewind (1990) reviewed the physical and mechanical properties of several types of archaeological wood and found that, in general, ancient waterlogged wood absorbs more moisture than recent oak, even though the hygroscopic hemicelluloses are degraded. Schniewind (1990) reviewed the physical and mechanical properties of several types of archaeological wood and found that, in general, ancient waterlogged wood absorbs more moisture than recent oak, even though the hygroscopic hemicelluloses are degraded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse mechanical behaviour and moisture absorption of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Vasa ship

Ljungdahl¹,

Berglund²

2007

Holzforschung

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Damage on the hull of the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa has been observed recently. Damage in the form of indentations in the wood is caused by high compressive loads from the support structure. In the process of developing an improved support structure, radial mechanical properties and the deformation mechanisms of Vasa oak are particularly important. Causes of differences in PEG content and oak degradation are also of interest. The radial modulus and compressive strength of Vasa oak are 50% lower than for recent oak. Furthermore, a significant change in failure mechanism is observed. More brittle separation fracture of the rays of Vasa oak is observed compared to the continuous folds of rays in recent oak. Tangential stiffness and strength are also 30% and 50% lower, respectively. Comparably small differences in moisture absorption between PEG-extracted Vasa oak and recent oak indicate a low extent of degradation of the Vasa oak.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Archaeological Wood

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

A nano to macroscale study on structure-mechanics relationships of archaeological oak

A nano to macroscale study on structure-mechanics relationships of archaeological oak

The Age and Density of Ancient and Modern Oak Wood in Streams and Sediments

Transverse mechanical behaviour and moisture absorption of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Vasa ship

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