Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Stems at Varying Moisture Contents

Dauda, Solomon Musa; Ahmad, Desa; Abdan, Khalina; Jamarei, O.

doi:10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.051

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The rupture force of Saccharumofficinarumincreases linearly from 2677 to 3157 N for vertical and non-linearly from 1073 to 1586 N for horizontal as the sugarcane size or diameter increases from 33 to 40 mm and so also the rupture force of the Saccharumbarberi increases linearly from 2890 to 3510 N for vertical and quadratically from 573 to 1316 N for horizontal as the sugarcane size or diameter increases from 30 to 37 mm.The force required to fracture the industrial sugarcane at vertical direction was significantly higher than for horizontal position (p≤0.05) at all experimental diameters for both sugarcane varieties. Similar results were reported by [14] on mechanical properties of kenaf stems at varying moisture content, [15] on mechanical properties of cassava stalks and [16] on physical and mechanical characteristics for some agricultural residue such as cotton stalk, maize stalks and sugarcane bagasse which are reported for different directions. The relationship between the sample rupture forces with different diameters at vertical and horizontal loading directions for Saccharumofficinarum andSaccharumbarberiwas significantly correlated (p≤0.05) and can be expressed using equations 1 to 4.…”

Section: Rupture Forcesupporting

confidence: 86%

Some Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane at Different Sizes and Loadings Relevant to Design and Construction of Sugarcane Juice Extractor

Oriola¹,

Jekayinfa²,

Ola³

et al. 2017

IJERA

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This study evaluated the mechanical properties of two varieties of sugarcane; Saccharumofficinarum and Saccharumbarberi. Some mechanical properties (rupture force, rupture energy, bio-yield force, bio-yield energy and deformation at horizontal and vertical loading direction) were investigated using a Universal testing machine. Sugarcane is an economically important grass that is rich in calcium, chromium, cobalt and other health supportive substances. The stress undergone by the teeth while chewing sugarcane to obtain the juice content in addition to the inherent postharvest losseshas necessitated the study of its mechanical properties to enhance effective mechanization of its processing and handling.At sugarcane sizes (diameter) from 33-40,

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Section: Rupture Forcesupporting

confidence: 86%

Some Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane at Different Sizes and Loadings Relevant to Design and Construction of Sugarcane Juice Extractor

Oriola¹,

Jekayinfa²,

Ola³

et al. 2017

IJERA

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“…One hundred raphia palm kernels were randomly selected for each of the moisture content considered and labeled for easy identification. The three principal dimensions namely the length, width, and thickness were measured with a Mitutoyo absolute digimatic vernier calliper (precision 0.010) (Dauda et al, 2014;Dauda et al, 2015).…”

Section: Measurement Of Length Width and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mechanical properties of raphia palm kernel at different moisture contents

Dauda¹,

Ismail²,

Balami³

et al. 2019

Food Res.

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Raphia palm tree (faminifera) is one of the most economically useful plants in Africa, the leaves are used for shelter and the stem produces palm sap, which is consumed as a beverage. Physical and mechanical properties of raphia palm kernel were studied at three different moisture content levels of 9.69%, 14.69%, and 19.69% using standard methods and instruments. The physical properties studied were minor, intermediate, major and geometric mean diameters, arithmetic means diameter, surface area, sphericity, aspect ratio, angle of repose, bulk density, and coefficient of static friction. While the mechanical properties were maximum force, bioyield force, and deformation. The result of the physical properties of the kernel determined revealed that major diameter ranged between 42.41-43.43 mm, intermediate diameter ranged between 35.88-36.69 mm, minor diameter ranged between 23.81-25.31 mm, geometric mean diameter ranged between 33.09-34.29 mm, sphericity ranged between 7.80-7.93, surface area ranged between 32.01-34.31 cm 2 , true density ranged between 1.17-1.50 g/mm 3 , bulk density ranged between 0.8-1.19 g/ mm 3 , porosity ranged between 31.62-42.18%, angle of repose ranged between 40.24-42.18 o and coefficient of static friction ranged between 2.55-0.44, 0.5-0.14 on plywood and steel respectively. While the mechanical properties ranged between 11.01-30.06 kN for maximum force, 5.6-12 kN for bioyield point and 10.55-12.75 mm for deformation on horizontal loading and 9.44-11.77 kN for maximum force, 4.7-3.8 kN for bioyield point and 8.1-7.70 mm deformation on vertical loading. Consequently, the result will provide data for efficient handling and equipment design to the engineer.

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“…These properties depend greatly on species, variety, stalk diameter, maturity, moisture content, cellular structure (Persson 1987;Chattopadhyay, Pandy 1999;Azadbakht et al 2014;Dauda et al 2014) and also differ at different heights of the plant stalk (I'nce et al 2005). There are studies that have determined physical and mechanical properties of agricultural residues, including cotton stalk, maize stalk and sugar cane bagasse, in order to design appropriate machines which function efficiently (Amer Eissa 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are studies that have determined physical and mechanical properties of agricultural residues, including cotton stalk, maize stalk and sugar cane bagasse, in order to design appropriate machines which function efficiently (Amer Eissa 2008). Physical properties were normally determined as length, stem diameter and unit mass, while mechanical properties were determined as shearing force, shearing stress and shearing energy (Dauda et al 2014). These properties were observed under different moisture content and cutting height (Esehaghbeygi et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cal and mechanical properties of cassava stalk must be studied in order to understand their reactions to cutting force and deformation (Dauda et al 2014). These properties depend greatly on species, variety, stalk diameter, maturity, moisture content, cellular structure (Persson 1987;Chattopadhyay, Pandy 1999;Azadbakht et al 2014;Dauda et al 2014) and also differ at different heights of the plant stalk (I'nce et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of moisture and region of cut on cassava stalk properties in biomass applications

Kaewwinud¹,

Khokhajaikiat²,

Boonma³

2017

Res. Agric. Eng.

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Cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crantz) is the third most important source of calories and the sixth most important crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas around the globe. The growth in cassava production is likely to accelerate over the current decade (FAO 2008;Burns 2010). In Thailand, cassava has been widely cultivated with a total area of approximately 8,975,865 Rai or 1,436,138.40 ha across the country, which results in annual production of around 30,022,052 t (OAE 2014). In traditional cassava harvesting, the stalks are cut and collected from the field, then the roots are pulled out from the soil either by hand or machine. About 30% of stalks are kept for cultivating in the next season, while the remaining 70% are abandoned in the field as agricultural residues (FAO 2008). These residues can be used as raw materials for biomass applications due to high volume of residues and heating value of 15.40 MJ/kg (DEDE 2009). This could help Thailand to reduce energy imports, carbon emission, improve energy sustainability, and also increase farmer income (Kronbergs, Smits 2009; Khongthong, Sudajan 2014). Despite the aforementioned benefits, biomass material produced from cassava usually suffers from low density and inconsistent size. This affects transportation costs considerably. To solve the problem, the cassava residues must be chopped by chopping machine before becoming biomass energy. As a result, a proper chopping machine must be developed. Also, physi- In an attempt to investigate the potential of using cassava stalk as a biomass material and determine the design requirements for developing a cutting machine, this study aims to investigate physical and mechanical properties of cassavas stalk, under the influence of moisture content and region of cut using statistical techniques. Moisture contents were ranged into three different levels; 54.19, 43.05 and 24.93% wet basis (w.b.) while cutting regions were classified as top (tip of cassava stalk), middle and bottom. Mechanical properties were represented by shearing stress. Physical properties, on the other hand, were represented by length, diameter, and mass. By decreasing moisture levels, all parameter values were reduced, except shearing stress. Moreover, it was found that shearing stress increased when lowering the cutting line. Maximum and minimum shearing stress occurred at bottom and top regions of the stalk, respectively. Most importantly, moisture content and region of cut both had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on shearing stress, although the latter had much larger impact.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Stems at Varying Moisture Contents

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Some Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane at Different Sizes and Loadings Relevant to Design and Construction of Sugarcane Juice Extractor

Some Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane at Different Sizes and Loadings Relevant to Design and Construction of Sugarcane Juice Extractor

Physical and mechanical properties of raphia palm kernel at different moisture contents

Effect of moisture and region of cut on cassava stalk properties in biomass applications

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