Physical and mechanical properties of four 3D-printed resins at two different thick layers: An in vitro comparative study

Borella, Paulo Sérgio; Alvares, Larissa Ayres Scagliarini; Ribeiro, Maria Tereza Hordones; Moura, Guilherme Faria; Soares, Carlos José; Zancopé, Karla; Mendonça, Gustavo; Rodrigues, Flávia Pires; Neves, Flávio Domingues das

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.002

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Giugliano et al [ 47 ] printed their specimens with an angle of 0° and found that 16.3% of their specimens did not reach the 500 MPa threshold for a three-unit prosthesis. Borella et al [ 40 ] compared the mechanical properties of specimens 3D printed with different layer thicknesses and found that groups printed with 50 μm exhibited a higher flexural strength compared with those printed with 100 μm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature

Balestra,

Lowther,

Goracci

et al. 2024

Materials

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The objective of this study was to review the scientific evidence currently available on 3D printable materials and 3D printing technologies used for the fabrication of permanent restorations, focusing on material properties that are clinically relevant. A literature search was performed on four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) for articles published from January 2013 until November 2023, using a combination of free words: (restorative dentistry OR prosthetic dentistry) AND (3D printing OR additive manufacturing OR rapid prototyping) AND materials. Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 2.468 unique studies. In total, 83 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 36 were included in the review. The assessed variables were mechanical properties, reporting in most of the cases positive results, dimensional accuracy and fit, reporting conflicting results with a predominance of positive, aesthetic properties, with positive reports but scarcely addressed, and biological properties, almost unexplored in independent studies. Despite numerous studies with positive results in favor, papers with negative outcomes were also retrieved. Aesthetic and biological properties are conversely still mostly unexplored. There remains a lack of conclusive evidence for viable 3D printable restorative and prosthodontic materials for permanent restorations. Research should be strengthened by defining international standards for laboratory testing and, where pre-clinical data are promising, conducting clinical trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the 3D printed resins seem to have low values of microhardness. In one study [ 40 ], the nanohybrid resin tested presented values lower than that of the enamel which is therefore prone to surface wear. To enhance the microhardness of printed resins, a possible improvement seems to be surface glazing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature

Balestra,

Lowther,

Goracci

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Therefore, this study assessed the influence of three different post-curing times on mechanical analyses. In the study by Borella et al [23], mechanical properties were analyzed based on two different printed layer thicknesses (50 and 100 mm) using four printing materials, including Resilab Temp. Drawing a comparation to the parameters evaluated in the present study, such as scanning electron microscopy, the authors note that when printed with a thickness of 100 mm, Resilab presents more surface defects compared to 50 mm, as used in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microstructure, Optical Properties, and Mechanical Behavior of a Temporary 3D Printing Resin: Impact of Post-Curing Time

Siqueira,

Rodriguez,

Campos

et al. 2024

Materials

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The present study aimed to characterize the microstructure of a temporary 3D printing polymer-based composite material (Resilab Temp), evaluating its optical properties and mechanical behavior according to different post-curing times. For the analysis of the surface microstructure and establishment of the best printing pattern, samples in bar format following ISO 4049 (25 × 10 × 3 mm) were designed in CAD software (Rhinoceros 6.0), printed on a W3D printer (Wilcos), and light-cured in Anycubic Photon for different lengths of time (no post-curing, 16 min, 32 min, and 60 min). For the structural characterization, analyses were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical behavior of this polymer-based composite material was determined based on flexural strength tests and Knoop microhardness. Color and translucency analysis were performed using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easy Shade Advanced 4.0), which was then evaluated in CIELab, using gray, black, and white backgrounds. All analyses were performed immediately after making the samples and repeated after thermal aging over two thousand cycles (5–55 °C). The results obtained were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 5%. FT-IR analysis showed about a 46% degree of conversion on the surface and 37% in the center of the resin sample. The flexural strength was higher for the groups polymerized for 32 min and 1 h, while the Knoop microhardness did not show a statistical difference between the groups. Color and translucency analysis also did not show statistical differences between groups. According to all of the analyses carried out in this study, for the evaluated material, a post-polymerization time of 1 h should be suggested to improve the mechanical performance of 3D-printed devices.

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“…The flexural properties of 3D-printed resins could be affected by the printing technique [45] and, in particular, by "pre-printing", "printing", and "post-printing" factors [46]. The study by Borella et al [47] precisely detailed how various 3D printing configurations may influence the characteristics of dental artifacts. The analysis demonstrates that critical factors such as post-curing, nesting, and layer orientation directly impact the quality of the finished products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Properties of Three Novel 3D-Printed Dental Resins Compared to Other Resin-Based Restorative Materials

De Angelis,

D’Amario,

Jahjah

et al. 2024

Prosthesis

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To evaluate the flexural strength and flexural modulus of three recently introduced 3D-Printed resins and compare them with the flexural properties of other well known, already commercialized, and extensively used resin based dental materials. Three 3D-printed dental resins, a fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, a heat-cured bis-acrylate-based composite resin, two conventional CAD/CAM PMMA, and a graphene-reinforced CAD/CAM PMMA, were selected for this study. Ten prismatic-shaped specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were fabricated for each material (n = 10). All specimens underwent a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine and were loaded until fracture. Flexural strength (MPa) and flexural modulus (MPa) mean values were calculated and compared using the on ranks One-Way ANOVA test. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the 3D-printed resins was performed. Significantly different flexural properties were recorded among the tested materials. The fiber-reinforced epoxy resin exhibited the highest flexural strength (418.0 MPa) while, among the 3D-printed resins, the best flexural strength was achieved by Irix-Max (135.0 MPa). Irix-Plus and Temporis led to the lowest mean flexural strength values (103.9 MPa and 101.3 MPa, respectively) of all the CAD/CAM milled materials, except for the conventional PMMA by Sintodent (88.9 MPa). The fiber-reinforced epoxy resin also showed the highest flexural modulus (14,672.2 MPa), followed by the heat-cured bis-acrylate composite (10,010.1 MPa). All 3D-printed resins had a higher flexural modulus than the conventional PMMA materials. CAD/CAM fiber-reinforced epoxy resin excels in flexural strength, with Irix-Max showing promising flexural properties, which could encourage its use for permanent restorations. Caution is needed with Irix-Plus and Temporis due to their lower flexural strength compared to other traditional materials.

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Physical and mechanical properties of four 3D-printed resins at two different thick layers: An in vitro comparative study

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature

3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature

Characterization of Microstructure, Optical Properties, and Mechanical Behavior of a Temporary 3D Printing Resin: Impact of Post-Curing Time

Flexural Properties of Three Novel 3D-Printed Dental Resins Compared to Other Resin-Based Restorative Materials

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