Physical and mechanical properties of eggshell as affected by chicken breed and flock age

Fathi, M. M.; Galal, A.; Ali, Umar; Abou-Emera, Osama

doi:10.1080/00071668.2019.1621992

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Consistent with the findings in hens ( Sirri et al., 2018 ; Fathi et al., 2019 ; Wistedt et al., 2019 ), the aged ducks studied here had increased egg weight, but decreased shell proportion, thickness, breaking strength, and fracture toughness. As reported, there was a highly significant positive correlation between the breaking force and either eggshell toughness or shell thickness, and regression analyses suggested that eggshell toughness was the best predictor for breaking force, followed by shell thickness ( Fathi et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In laying hens, several studies have studied the age-related variations in shell quality and ultrastructure ( Park and Sohn., 2018 ; Wistedt et al., 2019 ; Feng et al., 2020 ). The physical and mechanical properties of the eggshell declined ( Fathi et al., 2019 ), and the incidence of confluence and early fusion in the mammillary layer decreased with age ( Samiullah et al., 2014 ). Wistedt et al (2019) observed that the decreased gland density and a shift in the balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, co-occurring with a dramatic drop-in duodenal carbonic anhydrase activity, were possibly the key factors accounting for the age-related changes in shell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks

et al. 2022

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This study evaluated the changes in eggshell mechanical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation between laying ducks in the peak (young duck) and late phase (aged duck) of production. A total of 84 healthy young (31 wk of age) and 84 healthy aged (65 wk of age) Longyan laying ducks were each divided into 6 replicates of 14 birds, and caged individually. All the ducks were fed in one house with the same corn-soybean meal-based diet for 5 wk. The eggshell mechanical properties (shell proportion, thickness, breaking strength, and fracture toughness) and chemical components (matrix proteins, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) decreased in aged laying ducks ( P < 0.05). Shell structural indices: total thickness, effective thickness and its proportion decreased, whereas mammillary knob width and its proportion increased ( P < 0.05). The regulation values of early fusion, cuffing, caps, and total score of mammillary knobs were higher in aged laying ducks relative to the young ducks ( P < 0.05). During the initial, growth and terminal stages of eggshell formation, shell thickness and breaking strength (terminal), shell weight, and its proportion (terminal) decreased in aged laying ducks ( P < 0.05). Ultrastructural changes during shell formation indicated that the mammillary-knob density and effective thickness decreased ( P < 0.05). Decreases occurred in serum content of phosphorus (growth), and estradiol and calcium contents (terminal) ( P < 0.05). Relative expression of Ca 2+ transporter and HCO 3 − exchanger, and matrix proteins genes decreased in aged laying ducks ( P < 0.05) at all stages of eggshell formation. Collectively, the decreased incidence of early fusion and caps, increased thickness and width of mammillary knobs, and decreased effective thickness are the crucial differences leading to the compromised mechanical properties of eggshell in the late laying period. A disturbed regulation of calcium metabolism and uterine expression of ion transporters, especially for HCO 3 − exchange of aged laying ducks likely contribute to age-induced ultrastructural deterioration of the eggshell.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks

et al. 2022

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“…Great economic loss caused by lower eggshell quality is a major concern for egg industry and this problem can be more serious in the late laying period [ 1 – 3 ]. It has been estimated that the incidence of cracked and broken eggs during the late phase of production could reach as high as 12–20% [ 4 ], which is one of the key obstacles for extending the laying cycle of commercial flocks [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine transcriptome analysis reveals mRNA expression changes associated with the ultrastructure differences of eggshell in young and aged laying hens

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background Lower eggshell quality in the late laying period leads to economic loss. It is a major threat to the quality and safety of egg products. Age-related variations in ultrastructure were thought to induce this deterioration. Eggshell formation is a highly complex process under precise regulation of genes and biological pathways in uterus of laying hens. Herein, we evaluated the physical, mechanical and ultrastructure properties of eggshell and conducted RNA sequencing to learn the transcriptomic differences in uterus between laying hens in the peak (young hens) and late phase (aged hens) of production. Results The declined breaking strength and fracture toughness of eggshell were observed in aged hen group compared to those in young hen group, accompanied with ultrastructure variations including the increased thickness of mammillary layer and the decreased incidence of early fusion. During the initial stage of eggshell formation, a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 125 upregulated and 58 downregulated) were identified in uterus of laying hens in the late phase in relative to those at peak production. The DEGs annotated to Gene Ontology terms related to antigen processing and presentation were downregulated in aged hens compared to young hens. The contents of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in uterus were higher in aged hens relative to those in young hens. Besides, the genes of some matrix proteins potentially involved in eggshell mineralization, such as ovalbumin, versican and glypican 3, were also differentially expressed between two groups. Conclusions Altered gene expression of matrix proteins along with the compromised immune function in uterus of laying hens in the late phase of production may conduce to age-related impairments of eggshell ultrastructure and mechanical properties. The current study enhances our understanding of the age-related deteriorations in eggshell ultrastructure and provides potential targets for improvement of eggshell quality in the late laying period.

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“…В целом, качество скорлупы яиц зависит от целого ряда факторов, включая рацион, генотип, возраст птицы и систему содержания (Fathi et al, 2019). К сожалению, исследования в этой области весьма ограничены.…”

Section: внутренняя насечка яицunclassified

Thermic stability is an important index of whey quality

Bespalova¹

2019

Scientific and Technical Support Efficiency and Quality Production of Agricultural Products

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Материалы международной научно-практической конференции «Научнотехническое обеспечение эффективности и качества производства продукции АПК», включенные в сборник, посвящены 90-летию ВНИИПП. Под редакцией чл.-корр. РАН В.В. Гущина Ответственный за выпуск -Е.И. Мартынова Предпечатная подготовка -Е.И. Мартыновой, Н.А. Бладыко, И.С. Дмитриенко «Научно-техническое обеспечение эффективности и качества производства продукции АПК». Сборник материалов международной научно-практической конференции. -ВНИИПП, 2019. -300 с. ISBN 978-5-9909889-2-7 Для руководителей и специалистов предприятий птицеводческого комплекса, научных сотрудников, преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов высших учебных заведений. В сборнике сохранены авторские стиль и редакция.

show abstract

Physical and mechanical properties of eggshell as affected by chicken breed and flock age

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks

Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks

Uterine transcriptome analysis reveals mRNA expression changes associated with the ultrastructure differences of eggshell in young and aged laying hens

Thermic stability is an important index of whey quality

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