Physical and virtual sources of biological data in forensic anthropology: Considerations relative to practitioner and/or judicial requirements

Franklin, Daniel; Blau, Soren

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815764-0.00008-3

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Depending on case context, such approvals may involve (either individually or in combination) legal, community, or family delegates (Middleton et al, 2013). Ethical, religious and cultural sensitivities are a core part of any professional practice and must be duly considered and managed (e.g., involving destructive methods and disassociation of remains-c.f., AlQahtani & Adserias-Garriga, 2019;Carpenter et al, 2011;Franklin et al, 2016;Franklin & Blau, 2020).…”

Section: Assess Feasibility (Evidentiary and Financial) Of The Destru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where required, accurate 3D osteological models can also be printed based on CT data of an appropriate resolution (e.g., Collings & Brown, 2020;Robles et al, 2020;and see below). Such data combined not only contribute to casework requirements, but facilitate quantitative research used to inform forensic practice; for example, including (but not limited to) developing contemporary population specific anthropological standards (Franklin & Blau, 2020) and assessing trauma and/or pathology (e.g., Biggs et al, 2020;Spies et al, 2021).…”

Section: Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Franklin

Marks

2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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The modern practice of forensic anthropology is focused on the quantification of skeletal variation based upon a qualitative prowess developed according to theory and method in the parent discipline of biological anthropology. Such morphological variances allow estimates of biological attributes, for example, age, sex, population affinity, stature, pathology of disease processes-among others, that collectively may resolve the identification of unknown forensic human remains.The latter is a basic human right under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) afforded to descendants who go missing in armed conflicts and other violence-base situations. The specific traditional methods applied by the forensic anthropologist are well established in the published literature and routinely supported by global research that guides graduate programs designed to train the next generation of practitioners. Important in that cornerstone literature and graduate training regimen are aspects of our practice that are increasingly cross-disciplinary, especially those grounded in the molecular, chemical, and histological sciences. These upper-tier endeavors supplement and many times, validate, the traditional approaches as dictated by case context. This review focuses on evolving cross-disciplinary developments and novel research trends in the analysis of human remains that involve the specific expertise of the forensic anthropologist.

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Section: Assess Feasibility (Evidentiary and Financial) Of The Destru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Franklin

Marks

2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…One of the most recent attempts at data systematization from the collections worldwide is associated with the Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE) [10]. This technical note introduces a significant number of documented collections, incrementing past publication data (e.g., Santos had reported only 54 collections in 2019 [12], and, in 2020, Franklin and Blau had reported 72 collections [16]). Petaros and colleagues [10] report the existence of 153 collections from 41 countries, of which 43 are categorized as "contemporary", 55 as "noncontemporary", and 55 as collections of "uncertain temporal status".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scientific Profiles of Documented Collections via Publication Data: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Forensic Anthropology

Cardoso

Campanacho

2022

Forensic Sciences

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Human osteological documented collections (DCs), also referred to as “identified collections”, are a valuable resource in biological and forensic anthropology, as they offer the possibility for hypothesis-driven research on sex and age-at-death estimation methods, human variability, and other morphometric-based parameters of individual identification. Consequently, they feature in many publications addressing the forensic sciences. The paper aims to explore the scientific profiles of DCs via publication using bibliometric data. The Dimensions databases were used to select the DC-related keywords in the title and abstracts of the publications. The search result analysis and extraction were conducted using VOSviewer. A total of 376 articles were found, published between 1969 and 2021 (November). The number of publications has increased over the years, specifically after 2011. The results show that most of the publications are associated with countries such as the United States and Portugal (the latter highlights the University of Coimbra), that the research tends to focus on human biological profiling (e.g., age, sex assessments), and that the journals with the highest numbers of publications were related to forensic sciences. This analysis shows a positive correlation between DC publications and the growth of forensic anthropology in recent years, with a slight shift towards the leading institutions that publish DC-based research. Hence, we can anticipate a change in the institutional leading profiles in the years to come.

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“…Sexual dimorphism among humans is thus the product of differing patterns of growth and development, and these often follow geographic variability in genetic and environmental factors (Franklin & Blau, 2020;Iscan, 2005;Ubelaker & DeGaglia, 2017). This issue has led to a series of studies applying PGMM approaches for the exploration of the magnitude and expression of sexual dimorphism in different human populations, for example: Kimmerle et al (2008) in Americans; Franklin et al (2006) and Pretorius, Steyn, and Scholtz (2006) in South Africans; and Rosas and Bastir (2002), Bigoni et al (2010) and Gonzalez, Bernal, and Perez (2011) in different European populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexual differences in human cranial morphology: Is one sex more variable or one region more dimorphic?

Milella

Franklin

Belcastro

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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The quantification of cranial sexual dimorphism (CSD) among modern humans is relevant in evolutionary studies of morphological variation and in a forensic context. Despite the abundance of quantitative studies of CSD, few have specifically examined intra-sex variability. Here we quantify CSD in a geographically homogeneous sample of adult crania, which includes Italian individuals from the 19th and 20th centuries. Cranial morphology is described with 92 3D landmarks analyzed using Procrustean geometric morphometrics (PGMM). Size and shape variables are used to compare morphological variance between sexes in the whole cranium and four individual regions. The same variables, plus Procrustes form, are used to quantify average sex differences and explore classification accuracy. Our results indicate that: (a) as predicted by Wainer's rule, males present overall more variance in size and shape, albeit this is statistically significant only for total cranial size; (b) differences between sexes are dominated by size and to a lesser extent by Procrustes form; (c) shape only accounts for a minor proportion of variance; (d) the cranial base shows almost no dimorphism for shape; and (e) facial Procrustes form is the most accurate predictor of skeletal sex. Overall, this study suggests developmental factors underlying differences in CSD among cranial regions; stresses the need for population-specific models that describe craniofacial variation as the basis for models that facilitate the estimation of sex in unidentified skeletal remains; and provides one of the first confirmations of "Wainer's rule" in relation to sexual dimorphism in mammals specific to the human cranium.

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Physical and virtual sources of biological data in forensic anthropology: Considerations relative to practitioner and/or judicial requirements

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

The Scientific Profiles of Documented Collections via Publication Data: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Forensic Anthropology

Sexual differences in human cranial morphology: Is one sex more variable or one region more dimorphic?

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