Physical characteristics of the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff with reference to use as a building and ornamental stone

Purtymun, W.D.; Koopman, F. C.

doi:10.3133/ofr65127

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Just as the shear strength of crushed tuff at a given moisture content is very much a function of its dry density, so is the strength of undisturbed or solid tuff equally dependent on its density (Purtymun and Koopman 1965). For several sites in the Los Alamos area, the influences of density (D) on crushing resistance (CR) can be expressed as CR = -383 + 51.72CnD, where the resistance to crushing is expressed in MPa and the bulk density in kg m~3.…”

Section: Rod-shaped Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Part I

Abeele¹

1985

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Subsidence and settlement are phenomena that are much more destructive than generally thought. In shallow land burials they may lead to cracking of the overburden and eventual exposure and escape of waste material. The primary causes are consolidation and cave-ins. Laboratory studies performed at Los Alamos permit us to predict settlement caused by consolidation or natural compaction of the crushed tuff overburden. We have also investigated the shear failure characteristics of crushed tuff that may lead to subsidence. Examples of expected settlement and subsidence are calculated based on the known geotechnical characteristics of crushed tuff. The same thing is done for bentonite/tuff mixes because some field experiments were performed using this additive (bentonite) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the crushed tuff. Remedial actions, i.e., means to limit the amount of settlement, are discussed. Finally, we briefly comment on our current field experiment, which studies the influence of subsidence on layered systems in general and on biobarriers in particular.

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Section: Rod-shaped Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports dealing with the hydraulic conductivity of crushed and solid Bandelier tuff, as well as adjacent soils, ha-been published on the subject (Abeele 19 79, Abeele et al 1981, Abrahams 1963, Abrahams et al 1961. Purtymun and Koopman 1965.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Part I

Abeele¹

1985

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“…At very low moisture content (2%), the attraction between particles breaks down completely in tuff, while it continues to increase in soils, reaching its maximum at the lowest moisture content while tuff regains its complete loose state at 1% moisture content. Just as the shear strength of crushed tuff, at a given moisture content, is very much a function of its dry density, so is the strength of undisturbed tuff equally dependent on its density (Purtymun et al, 1965). For several sites in the Los Alamos area, the influence of density (D) on resistance to crushing (RC) can be expressed as RC = -383 + 51.72 (n D where the resistance to crushing is expressed in MPa and the bulk density in kg m~3.…”

Section: Shear In Wet Cohesionless Soils and Crushed Tuffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geohydrology of Bandelier Tuff

Abeele¹,

Wheeler²,

Burton³

1981

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The Los Alamos National Laboratory has been disposing of radioactive wastes since 1944. Environmental studies and monitoring for radioactive contamination started concurrently. In this report, only two mechanisms and rates by which the radionuclides can enter the environment are studied in detail: subsurface transport of radionuclides by migrating water, and diffusion of tritiated water (HTO) in the vapor phase. The report also includes a section concerning the influence of moisture on shear strength and possible resulting subsidences occurring in the pit overburdens. Because subsurface transport of radionuclides is influenced by the hydraulic conductivity and this in turn is regulated by the moisture content of any given material, a study was also undertaken involving precipitation, the most important climatic element influencing the geohydrology of any given area. Further work is in progress to correlate HTO emanation to atmospheric and pedological properties, especially including thermal characteristics of the tuff. 3000-1 , Si«rra do los Vdlles Bandolier tuff Basaltic rocks cf Chino Mesa Tschicomo formation Puye conglomerate Tssuque formotion Precombnon crystalline rocks 'i&m'''''>''Z''''"7!m&*B ondtlier tuff PajOfilo Ploteou East-2400 West Seal* East i k 8 kilometers Fig. 2. Geologic stratigraphic relationships of Los Alamos County from Sierra de los Valles to the Rio Grande. The oldest rock unit in the Los Alamos area is the Tesuque Formation, consisting of fossiliferous siltstones and sandstones with lenses of clay that were deposited as basin fill in the Rio Grande structural trough. Near Los Alamos these sediments are light pinkish-tan and include some interbedded basalts. The Tesuque underlies the Pajarito Plateau and is exposed at lower levels along the Puye Escarpment and in White Rock Canyon. The main water supply for Laboratory and domestic use is derived from the Tesuque. The age of the Tesuque is Miocene. The Tschicoma Formation forms the major part of the interior mass of the central Jemez Mountains; thus, exposures are limited to the western and northern parts of the Los Alamos area. Rock types are porphyritic dacite, rhyodacite, and quartz latite containing phenocrysts of pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, and quartz (Bailey et al., 1969; Smith et a!., 1970). Some units of latite and quartz latite in the Los Alamos area contain xenocrystic plagioclase that has been partially remelted, embayed, and resorbed, as well as subrounded and embayed quartz (Griggs, 1964). The maximum thickness of the 6.7 to 3.7 million-year-old (Myr) Tschicoma Formation exceeds 900 m (Bailey et al., 1969; Smith et al., 1970). The Puye Formation, named for exposures in cliffs along the Puye Escarpment, is divided into two informal members, the lower Totavi Lentil, overlain by a fanglomerate. The basal Totavi Lentil (0 to 25 m thick) consists of well-rounded pebbles, cobbles, and small boulders of Precambrian quartzite and granite in a matrix of coarse arkosic sandstone. The upper unit is a poorly consolidated, s...

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“…Hydromechanical analogy for consolidation. Purtymun and Koopman 1965). Consolidation and shear strength are discussed below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report

Abeele¹,

Nyhan²,

Hakonson³

et al. 1986

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Subsidence and settlement are phenomena that are much more destructive than generally thought. In shallow land burials they may lead to cracking of the overburden and eventual exposure and escape of waste material. The primary causes are consolidation and cave-ins. Laboratory studies performed at Los Alamos permit us to predict settlement caused by consolidation or natural compaction of the crushed tuff overburden. We have also investigated the shear failure characteristics of crushed tuff that may lead to subsidence. Examples of expected settlement and subsidence are calculated based on the known geotechnical characteristics of crushed tuff. The same thing is done for bentonite/tuff mixes because some field experiments were performed using this additive (bentonite) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the crushed tuff. Remedial actions, i.e., means to limit the amount of settlement, are discussed. We finally discuss our field experiment, which studies the influence of subsidence on layered systems in general and on biobarriers in particular. The share of the produced cavities is compared with cavities produced by idealized voids in an idealized environment. Study of root penetration at subsidence sites gives us an indication of the remaining degree of integrity.

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Physical characteristics of the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff with reference to use as a building and ornamental stone

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Part I

Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Part I

Geohydrology of Bandelier Tuff

Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report

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