Physical characterization of polyaniline-Na+-montmorillonite nanocomposite intercalated by emulsion polymerization

Invertase immobilised on montmorillonite: reusability enhancement and reduction in leaching

“…Complete shifting of the d 0 0 1 peak to lower values suggests that intercalation of enzyme has taken place entirely. It is reported that in case of polyaniline-montmorillonite nanocomposites, the d 0 0 1 spacing of parent montmorillonite peak shifts to lower values that is indicative of intercalation and pillaring [15,16]. We propose that the whole enzyme does not get intercalated into the clay layers.…”

Spectroscopy of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers

“…One reason is that the distance between the layers can be modified, facilitating the intercalation of various chemical species. Hosts, such as MoO 3 [49] [56], and more frequently clays are used for intercalation of PANI [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. Mainly smectite clays are used, whose structure consists of a central sheet containing MO 4 (OH) 2 groups of octahedral symmetry associated with two tetrahedral sheets (MO 4 ) producing layers designated T:O:T [76].…”

“…The formation of PANI-ES was confirmed by the presence of bands at 1489, 1562, and 1311 cm À1 in the FTIR spectrum of the material. Later, many authors reported the synthesis of PANI in MMT clay by intercalation of anilinium ions, followed by oxidation with ammonium persulfate [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. In common was the use of the FTIR spectroscopy to confirm the formation of PANI.…”

Enhanced pH and thermal stabilities of invertase immobilized on montmorillonite K-10

“…Enzymes are highly polymeric species of very high molecular size; hence the possibility of attachment of the whole enzyme within the inter lamellar space can be ruled out. It is reported that, in the case of polyaniline-montmorillonite nanocomposites, the d 0 0 1 spacing of parent montmorillonite peak shifts to lower values, indicative of intercalation (Kim, Jung, Kim, Choi, & Joo, 2001;Lee & Char, 2002). Therefore, it is proposed that the whole enzyme does not get intercalated into the clay layers.…”