Physical Comorbidities in Depression Co-Occurring with Anxiety: A Cross Sectional Study in the Czech Primary Care System

Winkler, Petr; Horáček, Jiří; Weissová, Aneta; Šustr, Martin; Brunovský, Martin

doi:10.3390/ijerph121215015

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The magnitude of anxiety and depression is on the rise among the general population. Additionally, individuals with chronic diseases are at even higher risk of developing anxiety and depressive symptoms 3–6. In fact, depression has been ranked as the fourth leading cause of disease burden 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and the demographic characteristics of adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.Study setting and participantsThe study was carried out among a general population aged 30 years and above residing in the Gulshan-e-Iqbal town of Karachi, Pakistan. The study participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling approach based on the inclusion criteria. The data collected from 2867 participants were analysed.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, measured with the Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale. The secondary outcome was the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with multimorbidity as well as with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, using binary logistic regression.ResultsOut of 2867 individuals, 27.4% reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of multimorbidity (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.58), female gender (AOR=2.40, 95% CI 2.01 to 2.87), illiteracy (AOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.07), more children (AOR=0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93) and visiting a faith healer (AOR=2.29, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.88) were the significant factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study revealed a moderately high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan. The key variables associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms were multimorbidity, female gender, lower level of education, more children and visiting faith healers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…depression precedes chronic illness [28]. Comorbidities associated with depressive disorders are highly prevalent in primary health care practice and a causal link between comorbid physical disorder and depression is yet to be studied [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and correlates of depression at the primary health care level in Belgrade

et al. 2020

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Introduction/Objective The prevalence of depression in primary care is relatively high. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of depression among patients in Zvezdara Primary Health Care Center in Belgrade. We also examined the relationship between depression and individual risk factors (sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics, and health-related factors). Methods A cross-sectional study, which included 422 adult patients, under 65 years of age, was conducted at the Zvezdara Primary Health Care Centre in Belgrade, Serbia, during January of 2018. The instrument used was Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score ≥10). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Depression, at least of moderate intensity, was found in 36%of the respondents. Around 1.4% of the participants confirmed suicidal thoughts almost every day during the previous two weeks. The logistic regression model showed the association with depression and being married (OR: 0.24, 95% CI:

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“…The difficulty is how we should view those physical symptoms: are they a parameter of the mental disorder or does the mental disorder influence the perceived severity of the physical disorders, or both? Winkler et al43 showed that in primary health care odds of having pain, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus are particularly elevated in people with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorder. Especially for pain, it has been questioned whether there is a causal relationship with mental disorders, given the strong association between the two 44,45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health care use in medically unexplained and explained physical symptoms: findings from a general population study

Sluijs

Have

Rijnders

et al. 2016

NDT

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore mental health care utilization patterns in primary and specialized mental health care of people with unexplained or explained physical symptoms.MethodsData were derived from the first wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a nationally representative face-to-face cohort study among the general population aged 18–64 years. We selected subjects with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) only (MUSonly; n=177), explained physical symptoms only (PHYonly, n=1,952), combined MUS and explained physical symptoms (MUS + PHY, n=209), and controls without physical symptoms (NONE, n=4,168). We studied entry into mental health care and the number of treatment contacts for mental problems, in both primary care and specialized mental health care. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and presence of any 12-month mental disorder assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0.ResultsAt the primary care level, all three groups of subjects with physical symptoms showed entry into care for mental health problems significantly more often than controls. The adjusted odds ratios were 2.29 (1.33, 3.95) for MUSonly, 1.55 (1.13, 2.12) for PHYonly, and 2.25 (1.41, 3.57) for MUS + PHY. At the specialized mental health care level, this was the case only for MUSonly subjects (adjusted odds ratio 1.65 [1.04, 2.61]). In both the primary and specialized mental health care, there were no significant differences between the four groups in the number of treatment contacts once they entered into treatment.ConclusionAll sorts of physical symptoms, unexplained as well as explained, were associated with significant higher entry into primary care for mental problems. In specialized mental health care, this was true only for MUSonly. No differences were found in the number of treatment contacts. This warrants further research aimed at the content of the treatment contacts.

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Physical Comorbidities in Depression Co-Occurring with Anxiety: A Cross Sectional Study in the Czech Primary Care System

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan

Frequency and correlates of depression at the primary health care level in Belgrade

Mental health care use in medically unexplained and explained physical symptoms: findings from a general population study

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