Physical Constants of Poly(ethylene)

Zhu, Liangqing; Chiu, Fu-Chien; Fu, Qiang; Quirk, Roderic P.; Cheng, Stephen Z. D.

doi:10.1002/0471532053.bra024

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…As the branches are almost always excluded from the crystal structure formed, the crystallisation rate is controlled by the branching statistics; that is to say, by the crystallisable sequence length distribution. The more the backbone is frequently interrupted by branches of different length, and the more the melting transition happens early: for example, polymer chains including 87 methyl groups per 1 000 C atoms melt at around 105 °C vs. 113 °C for 28 CH 3  groups, 123 °C for 8 CH 3  groups included in the polymer backbone and 132 °C for linear polymer 25. In short, the amount and randomness of branching would influence the melting point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatitis B virus DNA in clinical practice

Wong

Chan

2013

Clinical Liver Disease

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is the key prognostic factor determining both disease activity and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B viral infection. It is also the key viral factor in deciding when to start antiviral therapy and to monitor the response to therapy. Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reflects the amount and the transcriptional activity of covalently closed circular DNA inside hepatocytes.1 Therefore, quantitative HBsAg provides information concerning disease activity over and above an estimation of viral replication. The enzyme immunoassays of HBsAg that are in widespread use do not quantify total circulating protein, nor do they distinguish between the different HBsAg proteins. HBsAg quantification detects all three forms of circulating HBsAg, namely the virion-associated HBsAg, subviral particles and HBsAg produced from integrated sequence. The two commercially available HBsAg quantification assays, the Architect QT assay (Abbott Laboratories, Wiesbaden, Germany) and the Elecsys HBsAg II Quant assay (Roche Diagnostic, Indianapolis, IN), give a measure of total HBsAg and have good correlation with each other.2 The clinical use of measuring quantitative HBsAg can be summarized below.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatitis B virus DNA in clinical practice

Wong

Chan

2013

Clinical Liver Disease

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“…Water has a much higher dielectric constant (∼80) than that of the PM-rich film (∼2-3), 33 so an increased water content within the film over time will greatly affect the film capacitance and imaginary impedance. For the ionization, the reaction occurs easily, and the water penetrates into the film very rapidly, observed as a fast drop in Z I .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of pH Response for Copolymer Films with Dilute Carboxylate Functionality

et al. 2007

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We have investigated the effects of film composition and thickness on the rate of pH-induced response of a copolymer film containing predominately polymethylene with randomly distributed carboxylic acid side groups (denoted as PM-CO2H). These responsive films are prepared directly onto a gold electrode surface by surface-catalyzed polymerization and subsequent hydrolysis. We measured electrochemical impedance at fixed frequency (100 Hz) to monitor the barrier properties of the polymer film during a step change in pH. At a 1-3% molar acid content, the copolymer films exhibit a 2 order of magnitude change in impedance at 100 Hz when the contacting solution pH changes from 11 to 4 (or 4 to 11). For all films, the rate of protonation is slower than that of ionization, consistent with a more gradual transfer of protons through an increasingly hydrophobic film at the outermost nanometers during the protonation step. Increased acid content within the film accelerates both the rate of protonation and ionization. Thinner films (50 nm) with the same acid content show faster response rate in both directions, since water and ions have a shorter transfer path. A large and reversible pH response was obtained for all films studied, but selection of appropriate film composition and thickness can greatly influence the rate of response.

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“…However, the fibers obtained did not exhibit an upright orientation (fibers were either bent or collapsed) [26]. b [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gecko-inspired fibril nanostructures for reversible adhesion in biomedical applications

2013

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Physical Constants of Poly(ethylene)

Cited by 13 publications

References 110 publications

Use of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatitis B virus DNA in clinical practice

Use of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatitis B virus DNA in clinical practice

Kinetics of pH Response for Copolymer Films with Dilute Carboxylate Functionality

Gecko-inspired fibril nanostructures for reversible adhesion in biomedical applications

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