Physical development of adolescent boys studying in cadet school

Abstract

Introduction. According to the results of available studies, health status of cadets is often higher than in general population, however, data shows unfavorable trends in the physical development of cadet boys.Aim. Analysis of cadets' physical development.Materials and methods. 122 cadet boys aged 12-15 were included in the study using the continuous sampling method. All children underwent anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis and measurement of the functional state of the body. The results were evaluated in accordance with centile chart.Results and discussion. The majority of children (80 - 65.6%) had 1st health group. The most common pathology was refraction disorders (14 - 11.5%) and urological pathology (9 - 7.4%). Height of the majority of the examined boys was in the average values, however, short stature was found out in 4 (3.3%) cases. According to BMI, 4.9% (6) of children were underweight, 32.0% (39) - overweight and 4.1% (5) had obesity. According to percentage of fat mass by bioimpedance analysis, 4.1% (5) were underweight, 27.0% (33) - overweight and 22.1% (27) were obese. Muscle strength values below the average were in 11.5% (14) of boys, and muscle strength by kg of weight - in 36.1% (44). Almost a third (33 - 27.0%) of children had high blood pressure, and another 10 people (8.2%) had arterial hypertension. According to the results of the Martinet-Kushelevsky test, nine children had pathological type of reaction to dosed physical activity. Low resistance to anaerobic exercise by Genchi test was found in 19.7% (24) of children. The results of the coordination test showed unsatisfactory results in the majority of children - 48.4% (59).Conclusion. Physical development of adolescent boys studying in the cadet corps was average. High percentage of boys, although less, then in general population, were overweight and obese. Despite seemingly optimal nutrition, daily routine and physical activity provided in cadet corps, 20% of children had low resistance to anaerobic exercise, low strength index and non-physiological response of the cardiovascular system to dosed physical activity.

On the epidemiology of underweight in children and adolescents (systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific publications)

“…Во всех публикациях авторы для характеристики недостаточности веса у детей использовали индивидуальные показатели массо-ростового индекса Кетле [35] WHO, SD 757 3-17 нет данных 2,9 Ангарск, 2022 [36] WHO, SD 540 7-14 7,2 нет данных Архангельск, 2016 [37] WHO, Cl 478 14 29,0 8,8 Архангельск,2010 [20] WHO, SD 820 7-17 нет данных 1,6 Воронеж, 2016 [38] WHO, SD 484 9-17 нет данных 2,3 Воронеж, 2017 [39] WHO, SD 484 8-18 15,4 нет данных Екатеринбург, 2019 [40] WHO, SD 493 3-11 11,1 1,9 Иваново, 2018 [41] WHO, SD 319 10 13,0 2,8 Иваново, 2020 [42] WHO, Cl 915 7-16 17,6 3,2 Калининград, 2015 [43] WHO, SD 1055 10,14-17 нет данных 5,3 Краснодар, 2011 [44] WHO, Cl 1047 7-17 нет данных 2,6 Красноярск, 2017 [45] WHO, Cl 436 14-17 12,7 нет данных Красноярск, 2022 [46] WHO, Cl 595 12-16 11,1 нет данных Москва, 2016 [47] WHO, SD 652 7-10 нет данных 2,1 Москва, 2015 [48] WHO, SD 106 1-3 16,0 2,8 Орёл, 2018 [49] WHO, SD 2098 7-18 нет данных 4,1 Пермь, 2011 [20] WHO, SD 456 7-17 нет данных 2,8 Пермь, 2018 [20] WHO, SD 567 7-17 нет данных 1,7 Пермь, 2013 [50] WHO, SD 828 13-14 нет данных 2,9 Самара, 2022 [51] WHO, SD 122 12-15 нет данных 4,9 Саратов, 2013 [52] WHO, Cl 60 18 23,3 нет данных Смоленск, 2019 [53] WHO, SD 817 3-17 9,8 1,2 Санкт-Петербург, 2017 [54] WHO, Cl 865 12-15 14,1 5,1 Санкт-Петербург, 2018 [55] WHO, Cl 809 12-15 13,5 5,9 Санкт-Петербург, 2019 [56] WHO, Cl 828 8,16 16,9 нет данных Санкт-Петербург, 2020 [57] WHO, Cl 255 7 13,4 5,6 Санкт-Петербург, 2017 [58] WHO, Cl 639 14 14,6 6,2 Санкт-Петербург, 2022 [59] WHO, Cl 3643 5,5-7,5 11,0 3,6 Санкт-Петербург, 2018 [60] WHO, Cl 6449 6-18 13,2 4,3 Симферополь, 2018 [61] WHO, Cl 568 6-10 9,0 нет данных Ханты-Мансийск, 2020 [62] WHO, SD 147 11-14 15,0 нет данных Челябинск, 2013 [63] WHO Анализ опубликованных результатов исследований п...…”

“…Также выявлена значительная разница в показателях частоты НП у детей в Архангельске: в общей когорте школьников -1,6% [20] и 8,8% у 14-летних подростков в период пубертатного скачка роста [37]. Отмечена зависимость от возраста, этнической принадлежности и условий проживания распространённости НП у детей и подростков в ХМАО-Югра: ниже у этнических хантов-школьников, проживающих в школе-интернате (0,9% [46] 12-16 289 11,1 нет данных 306 11,0 нет данных Самара [51] 12-15 122 нет данных 4,9 нет данных Саратов [52] 18 30 20,0 нет данных 30 26,7 нет данных Смоленск [53] 3…”