Physical Education for Students with Autism

Promoting Physical Activity for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Barriers, Benefits, and Strategies for Success

“…Physical activities and organized sports or play often present difficult scenarios for students with ASD (Menear & Smith, 2008;Obrusnikova & Dillon, 2011;Ohrberg, 2013), which results in reduced participation. Similarly, children with ASD who engage in peer interactions less often than typical peers are also less physically active (Pan, Tsai, & Hsieh, 2011).…”

“…This may include having a "safe" physical activity for the student to do when the class lesson becomes too demanding (Menear & Smith, 2008). Safe activities and teaching strategies include focusing on individual fitness activities (Menear & Smith, 2008), limiting team sports (Pan & Fry, 2006), assigning teams instead of allowing for peer selection (Simpson et al, 2010), providing constant positive feedback (Groft-Jones & Block, 2006;Thren & Engstrom, 2009), using explicit and concrete language when giving directions (Groft-Jones & Block, 2006), using activities or pedagogical approaches that need only minimum social cues for successful implementation (Orsmond, Krauss, & Seltzer, 2004), and using individual, environmental, and task constraints to individualize developmentally appropriate lessons (Pope, Breslin, Getchell, & Ting, 2012). Physical educators should continuously evaluate not only the student's motor skill progression but also his or her developmental progression, which may allow for a fading of some of the strategies listed here.…”

Meningkatkan Aktivitas Fisik Anak-Anak Autis Melalui Pembelajaran Olahraga Di Taman Kanak-Kanak

“…Ketahanan kardiovaskular dan otot harus dikembangkan pada anak-anak dengan autis yang berusia antara 6 dan 8 tahun. Berbagai kegiatan olahraga untuk anak-anak ini seperti berlari, naik sepeda, kegiatan keseimbangan (berputar dan berjalan di jalur), permainan air, berenang, berjalan, naik sepeda stasioner, sepeda dua roda atau tiga roda, pelacakan, menari, dan menggunakan trampolin (Auxter, Pyfer, & Huettig, 2001;Lerner, 2007;Menear & Smith, 2008;Moor, 2008).…”

Physical Education and Implications for Students with Asperger's Syndrome

“…Keeping the students active can increase physical activity and appropriate behavior (Menear & Smith, 2008).…”

“…• Provide predictability: The physical educator should keep her or his interactions with the child predictable. For example, a physical educator can plan the same warm-up procedures every day and give the child advance notice about activities planned for that day (Menear & Smith, 2008). "Insistence on sameness can be helped through providing a predictable environment, avoiding surprises, and telling students about changes as soon as possible" (Griffin et al, 2006, p. 153).…”