Physical Education Policies in US Schools: Differences by School Characteristics

Abstract

BACKGROUND:We assessed the extent to which schools in the United States implement physical education policies identified in SHAPE America's Essential Components of Physical Education document and how implementation of these policies varies by school characteristics. METHODS:School policy data were collected as part of the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study via computer-assisted personal interviews in a nationally representative sample of K-12 schools and were linked to extant data on school characteristics. Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression model were used to examine how physical education policies differed by school characteristics. RESULTS:Five physical education policies varied by region and 3 varied by school level. Requiring certified, licensed, or endorsed physical education teachers varied by all school characteristics except school level and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. The average number of physical education policies implemented by schools was 3.0. The number of policies varied by metropolitan status and school level. CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest many schools are only implementing a few of the physical education policies that can strengthen their physical education programs. These findings can be used to target professional development and technical assistance for physical education practitioners on policy and implementation.

Analysis of the Factors That Influence a Quality Physical Education in Mexico: School Supervision’s Perspective

“…These findings are in the same line of research than García and Del Basto [ 32 ], which highlight the importance of improving the PE curricula due to the increased number of children and youth with obesity and overweight in Mexico. However, this is not a situation that Mexico faces solely, as the United States has established guidelines in favor of PE, but not all schools abide by these guidelines [ 32 , 33 ]. For PE to accomplish the goal to create healthy habits for a lifetime among children and youth, it is essential to create strict educational policies that support PE teachers in having a major presence within the education curriculum, focusing on the importance of being physically active and using an appropriate approach [ 18 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Characteristics Associated With School Health Services for the Management of Chronic Health Conditions

“…Conditional marginal effects evaluated at the mean for the outcome of all four services are reported. Reference categories were based on a previously published study (Michael et al, 2019). p values < .05 were considered statistically significant.…”

“…The school-based characteristics examined in this study were chosen based on a previously published study (Michael, Brener, Lee, Clennin, & Pate, 2019). Dichotomous variables included school type (public vs. nonpublic) and percentage of non-Hispanic White students enrolled.…”

Morphofunctional and psycho-physiological indicators of teachers

“…Педагогтардың кәсiби қызметi әлеуметтiк белсендi және стресс-факторы жоғары кәсiп түрiне жатады. Жоғары эмоционалдық жүктеме мен мiндеттердi талап ететiн мұғалiмдердiң кәсiби қызметiнiң жүзеге асуы барысында жұмыс барысы жағдайларына байлансты қауiптi және ауыр жан құбылысы болады, ол педагогтардың күйiп кетуiне алып келуi мүмкiн [10,11,12,13,14].…”