Physical Exercise and Major Depressive Disorder - Where Do We Stand?

Mota-Pereira, Jorge; Silvério, Jorge Manuel Amaral; Carvalho, Serafim; Ramos, J.; Ribeiro, José Carlos

doi:10.2174/2211556011201020167

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is the first review to have focused on exercise as an add-on strategy in the treatment of MDD. Our findings corroborate some previous observations that were based on few studies and which were difficult to generalize 41 , 51 , 73 , 92 , 93 . Given the results of the present article, it seems that exercise might be an effective strategy to enhance the antidepressant effect of medication treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our findings corroborate some previous observations that were based on few studies and which were difficult to generalize. 41,51,73,92,93 Given the results of the present article, it seems that exercise might be an effective strategy to enhance the antidepressant effect of medication treatments. Moreover, we hypothesize that the main role of exercise on treatment-resistant depression is in inducing neurogenesis by increasing BDNF expression, as was demonstrated by several recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Interestingly, all of the included trials that focused on patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression 53,56,[58][59][60][61] showed a larger improvement in depression scores in the exercise-plus-antidepressants intervention groups compared to control groups, thus confirming previous findings of a possible role of exercise as an adjuvant treatment for patients with severe MDD. 73 While exercise has a high cost-effectiveness 74 compared to a first-line antidepressant drug treatment, and it may be not always available, it might be more useful as a step-2 treatment for antidepressant medication nonresponders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,42,44,46,47,49,50,91 Furthermore, direct comparisons between studies were often difficult due to wide varieties in assessment or diagnosis of depression, level of severity of the disorder, size of the sample, type, frequency and duration of the intervention, and assessment of outcome. 31 Few of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews carried out have considered studies of physical activity as additions to antidepressant medications, 41,51,73,92,93 and, to the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis or systematic review has focused specifically on this topic. Craft and Perna 41 converted the overall effect sizes of -0.72, -0.94, and -1.1 of 3 meta-analyses 46,94,95 into binomial effect sizes, reflecting an increase in success rate due to exercise of 67%, 71%, and 74%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews carried out have considered studies of physical activity as additions to antidepressant medications, 41 , 51 , 73 , 92 , 93 and, to the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis or systematic review has focused specifically on this topic. Craft and Perna 41 converted the overall effect sizes of –0.72, –0.94, and –1.1 of 3 meta-analyses 46 , 94 , 95 into binomial effect sizes, reflecting an increase in success rate due to exercise of 67%, 71%, and 74%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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Antidepressants are currently the treatment of choice for major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, a high percentage of patients do not respond to a first-line antidepressant drug, and combination treatments and augmentation strategies increase the risk of side effects. Moreover, a significant proportion of patients are treatment-resistant. In the last 30 years, a number of studies have sought to establish whether exercise could be regarded as an alternative to antidepressants, but so far no specific analysis has examined the efficacy of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in combination with antidepressants. We carried out a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunctive treatment with antidepressants on depression. A search of relevant papers was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the following keywords: "exercise," "physical activity," "physical fitness," "depressive disorder," "depression," "depressive symptoms," "add-on," "augmentation," "adjunction," and "combined therapy." Twenty-two full-text articles were retrieved by the search. Among the 13 papers that fulfilled our inclusion criteria, we found methodological weaknesses in the majority. However, the included studies showed a strong effectiveness of exercise combined with antidepressants. Further analyses and higher quality studies are needed; nevertheless, as we have focused on a particular intervention (exercise in adjunction to antidepressants) that better reflects clinical practice, we can hypothesize that this strategy could be appropriately and safely translated into real-world practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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Facebook Enhances Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy Effects

Mota-Pereira

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TR-MDD) is a complex condition, with very low remission rates. In recent years some studies have been conducted on the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy interventions via the Internet to MDD patients, and results have been promising. However, there have been no studies in patients with TR-MDD nor with the use of Facebook with the psychiatrist as “friend.” 60 TR-MDD patients were randomized to one of three groups: Facebook group with psychiatrist as “friend,” Facebook group without psychiatrist as “friend,” and control group (no Facebook use). Both Facebook groups spent at least 1 hour/day on Facebook, 7 days/week, during the 3 months. All patients maintained their usual pharmacotherapy. All participants were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months for depressive symptoms using HAD17 and BDI-II. Results show that both Facebook groups had a decrease on HADM17 and BDI-II scores as well as higher remission and response rates than the control group, with better results if the psychiatrist was a “friend” on Facebook. Therefore, in TR-MDD, Facebook can be used as an effective enhancement therapy, adjuvant to pharmacological therapy with regular consultations, especially if the psychiatrist is the patient's online “friend.”

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Physical Exercise and Major Depressive Disorder - Where Do We Stand?

Cited by 2 publications

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Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

Facebook Enhances Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy Effects

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