Physical exercise as an add-on treatment to cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for most anxiety disorders. Yet, with recovery rates of approximately 50%, many patients fail to achieve complete remission. This has led to increased efforts to enhance treatment efficacy. Physical exercise (PE) has in recent years been advocated as means to augment the effects of CBT for anxiety disorders. PE appears to reduce anxiety through other mechanisms than CBT, some of which might also have the potential to augment the effects of psychological treatment. Aims: The current review aimed to summarize and discuss the current research status on CBT augmented with PE for anxiety. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PsychInfo, Medline and Web of Science to evaluate the potential augmentative effect of combining PE with CBT for anxiety disorders. These effects were intended to be evaluated in a meta-analysis, but findings from the few and diverse studies were better summarized in a systematic review. Results: Eight articles were included in this review, of which two had no control group, while six had from two to four experimental arms. Six of the studies concluded in favour of benefits of add-on PE, while two studies found no added benefits of the combined interventions. Conclusions: The combination of PE and CBT appears feasible. Add-on PE seems to be more beneficial for clinical populations, when administered regularly several times per week, across several weeks. Future studies should investigate further how and for whom to best combine PE and CBT.

Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention on ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A meta-analysis including 13 trials suggested a short-term effect of exercise on depression ( 59 ). Frederiksen et al reviewed eight articles and suggested that PA was more beneficial for anxiety populations compared to cognitive behavioral therapy ( 60 ). Recent systematic review by Ng et al indicated that PA is a beneficial and well-tolerated intervention for children and adolescents with ADHD ( 14 ).…”

The Influence of Chinese College Students’ Physical Exercise on Life Satisfaction: The Chain Mediation Effect of Core Self-evaluation and Positive Emotion

“…Although few studies have directly examined the relationship between physical exercise and life satisfaction, a number of studies have examined the positive effects of physical exercise on mental health. For example, moderate physical exercise can promote the improvement of individual psychological regulation ability, reduce the level of depression and anxiety, and can significantly improve the individual’s quality of life ( Kvam et al, 2016 ; Frederiksen et al, 2021 ; Nguyen et al, 2021 ). When individuals are physically healthy, emotionally sound and have a high quality of life, they may also be more satisfied with their current life.…”

Anxiety is more related to inadequate eating habits in inactive than in physically active adults during COVID-19 quarantine

“…Exercise is associated with wellbeing, mood and mental health, such as depression and anxiety [39]. It has been demonstrated that regular exercise performed for at least 10 weeks (at least 30 min a day, three to four times a week) can effectively reduce anxiety levels [40].…”