Physical Exercise Improves Glycemic and Inflammatory Profile and Attenuates Progression of Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ)

Abstract

The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the metabolism and progression of periodontal disease (PD), induced by ligature in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by four weeks of a hyperlipidic diet associated with a single low-dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg/animal). The exercise groups swam for 60 min/day for eight weeks (five times/week). In the last two weeks of exercise, a ligature was placed around the right and left mandibular first molars. The authors determined alveolar bone loss by morphometry. Blood biochemical profile and serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were evaluated by colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. The diabetic animals subjected to exercise showed decreased alveolar bone loss, lower glycemia, triacylglycerols and glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the controls. Total cholesterol and its fractions (High density lipoprotein—HDL-c, Low density lipoprotein—LDL-c and Very low density lipoprotein—VLDL-c) remained similar among the groups. Animals with PD showed higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IL-10, when compared to animals without PD. In diabetic animals with PD, physical exercise decreased TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels as well as the IL10/TNF-α ratio. In conclusion, eight weeks of physical exercise improved glycemic control and systemic inflammatory profile, and attenuated alveolar bone loss in rats with DM and PD.

Effect of treatment with carvacrol and aerobic training on cardiovascular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

“…dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome (Almeida et al, 2020;Andrade et al, 2018;Caponi et al, 2013;Jakovljevic et al, 2019). Physical training promotes a reduction in BP levels, acting in many different ways: it stimulates veins to relax and increases the synthesis of nitric oxide (Blanco-Rivero et al, 2013;Larsen & Matchkov, 2016), and it reduces the synthesis of angiotensin II and increases the antagonists of this hormone such as angiotensin (Almeida et al, 2020).…”

“…Therefore, adherence to physical training programmes combined with pharmacological treatment seems to be a promising path for the treatment of SAH when associated lipid parameters associated with increased cardiovascular risk (Andrade et al, 2018;Caponi et al, 2013;Maida et al, 2016).…”

“…The European Society of Cardiology guide notes the changes in lifestyle needed for patients if their BP is to stay within the normal high range (systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 130 and 139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 85 and 89 mmHg) (Williams et al., 2018). Therefore, adherence to physical training programmes combined with pharmacological treatment seems to be a promising path for the treatment of SAH when associated lipid parameters associated with increased cardiovascular risk (Andrade et al., 2018; Caponi et al., 2013; Maida et al., 2016).…”

“…A recommendation adopted as the first option in antihypertensive therapy is aerobic training – which stimulates adaptations to the cardiorespiratory system and has been deemed effective in prevention – in addition to the non‐pharmacological treatment of SAH, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome (Almeida et al., 2020; Andrade et al., 2018; Caponi et al., 2013; Jakovljevic et al., 2019). Physical training promotes a reduction in BP levels, acting in many different ways: it stimulates veins to relax and increases the synthesis of nitric oxide (Blanco‐Rivero et al., 2013; Larsen & Matchkov, 2016), and it reduces the synthesis of angiotensin II and increases the antagonists of this hormone such as angiotensin (Almeida et al., 2020).…”

Twelve-Week Mediterranean Diet Intervention Increases Citrus Bioflavonoid Levels and Reduces Inflammation in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Consequently, persistent expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-⍺) may occur, even when glycaemic levels are controlled [ 8 ]. Exercise may counter excessive levels of oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant defences within the body, improving metabolic and inflammatory outcomes [ 9 ].…”