Physical exercise in adolescence changes CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in the rat brain

Silva, Sérgio Gomes da; Araújo, Bruno Henrique Silva; Cossa, Ana Carolina; Cavalheiro, Ésper A.; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graça; Arida, Ricardo Mário

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.07.001

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, it has been found that, in male rats, forced treadmill running during adolescence (PND21–60) decreases cannabinoid receptor expression throughout the brain, including within the hippocampus. 233 This is opposite to the effect in adulthood, where voluntary running increased cannabinoid receptor expression within the hippocampus of male rats. 234 As the endocannabinoid system has been demonstrated to modulate hippocampal neurogenesis, 235 especially the proliferation and migration of neurons, 235, 236, 237 it may be that alterations to this system during a period of brain remodelling such as adolescence can produce long-lasting alterations to hippocampal structure and function that are different than those seen in adulthood.…”

Section: Potential Interventions During Adolescence That Could Ameliomentioning

confidence: 83%

Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators

2017

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Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation. Deciphering how disturbances to the central nervous system at this time affect structure, function and behavioural outputs is important to better understand any long-lasting effects. Hippocampal neurogenesis occurs during development and continues throughout life. In adulthood, integration of these new cells into the hippocampus is important for emotional behaviour, cognitive function and neural plasticity. During the adolescent period, maturation of the hippocampus and heightened levels of hippocampal neurogenesis are observed, making alterations to neurogenesis at this time particularly consequential. As stress negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis, and adolescence is a particularly stressful time of life, it is important to investigate the impact of stressor exposure at this time on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adolescence may represent not only a time for which stress can have long-lasting effects, but is also a critical period during which interventions, such as exercise and diet, could ameliorate stress-induced changes to hippocampal function. In addition, intervention at this time may also promote life-long behavioural changes that would aid in fostering increased hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. This review addresses both the acute and long-term stress-induced alterations to hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition during the adolescent period, as well as changes to the stress response and pubertal hormones at this time which may result in differential effects than are observed in adulthood. We hypothesise that adolescence may represent an optimal time for healthy lifestyle changes to have a positive and long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and to protect against stress-induced deficits. We conclude that future research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the adolescent hippocampus to stress, exercise and diet and the consequent effect on cognition may provide insight into why adolescence may be a vital period for correct conditioning of future hippocampal function.

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Section: Potential Interventions During Adolescence That Could Ameliomentioning

confidence: 83%

Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators

2017

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“…Consistently with this, repeated administration of URB597 decreases the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor binding in hippocampus of mice (Marco et al, ). Similarly, reduction in CB 1 receptor expression also occurs in the hippocampus of animals that underwent a long aerobic physical training program (Gomes da Silva et al, ). Others studies also show a decrement in CB 1 receptor binding, following chronic cannabinoid agonist administration (Romero et al, ; Sim‐Selley et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A role for the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced spatial memory enhancement in mice

et al. 2013

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It is well known that physical exercise has positive effects on cognitive functions and hippocampal plasticity. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained to be further investigated. Here we investigated the hypothesis that the memory-enhancement promoted by physical exercise relies on facilitation of the endocannabinoid system. We observed that the spatial memory tested in the object location paradigm did not persist in sedentary mice, but could be improved by 1 week of treadmill running. In addition, exercise up-regulated CB1 receptor and BDNF expression in the hippocampus. To verify if these changes required CB1 activation, we treated the mice with the selective antagonist, AM251, before each period of physical activity. In line with our hypothesis, this drug prevented the exercise-induced memory enhancement and BDNF expression. Furthermore, AM251 reduced CB1 expression. To test if facilitating the endocannabinoid system signaling would mimic the alterations observed after exercise, we treated sedentary animals during 1 week with the anandamide-hydrolysis inhibitor, URB597. Mice treated with this drug recognized the object in a new location and have increased levels of CB1 and BDNF expression in the hippocampus, showing that potentiating the endocanabinoid system equally benefits memory. In conclusion, the favorable effects of exercise upon spatial memory and BDNF expression depend on facilitation of CB1 receptor signaling, which can be mimic by inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis in sedentary animals. Our results suggest that, at least in part, the promnesic effect of the exercise is dependent of CB1 receptor activation and is mediated by BDNF.

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“…Recent studies have shown that physical exercise can modulate the functional maturation of the brain by neuroplastic processes (Kim et al, 2004; Uysal et al, 2005; Gomes da Silva et al, 2010a,b, in press). Studies conducted by our research group have revealed that a physical exercise program in rats during postnatal brain development increased hippocampal parvalbumin expression (Gomes da Silva et al, 2010a), reduced brain expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) (Gomes da Silva et al, 2010b), increased density of mossy fibers and hippocampal expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) and improved spatial learning and memory (Gomes da Silva et al, in press). Another important finding is that early life exercise enhances the ability to evoke spatial memories in later life (when measured at P96) (Gomes da Silva et al, in press), supporting previous findings in humans which show a correlation between the practice of physical activity in early life and lifelong brain functions (Dik et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early physical exercise and seizure susceptibility later in life

Silva¹,

Almeida²,

Araújo³

et al. 2011

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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We conducted a study to examine whether physical exercise undertaken during the period of postnatal brain development could modify seizure susceptibility later in life. Male Wistar rats aged 21 postnatal days (P21) were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to daily exercise on the treadmill between P21 and P60. Running time and speed gradually increased over this period, reaching a maximum of 18 m/min for 60 min. After the final exercise session (P60), animals from exercise group were maintained non-trained for 90 days. This "period without stimulus" was used to observe the influence of early physical exercise on susceptibility to seizures induced by the pilocarpine model of epilepsy at P150. The results showed that the exercise program undertaken during the period of postnatal brain development delayed the onset and reduced the intensity of pilocarpine-induced motor symptoms in midlife rats. These findings suggest that early exercise interferes positively in the later ictogenesis process, and support the hypothesis that physical activity in early life may build a neural reserve against brain disorders.

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Physical exercise in adolescence changes CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in the rat brain

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators

Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators

A role for the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced spatial memory enhancement in mice

Early physical exercise and seizure susceptibility later in life

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