Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Rosa, Adrián De la; Olaso‐González, Gloria; Arc-Chagnaud, Coralie; Millán, Fernando; Salvador‐Pascual, Andrea; García-Lucerga, Consolación; Blasco-Lafarga, Cristina; García-Domínguez, Esther; Carretero, Aitor; Correas, Ángela G.; Viña, José; Gómez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.004

Cited by 330 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…However, a prospective study is needed to find which specific sensory or motor function changes sign early AD. Also, our new result about dysconnectivity in the somatosensory network might explain why physical exercise would prevent AD ( De la Rosa et al, 2020 ) by increasing FNC among sensory networks ( Demirakca et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Alzheimer’s Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study

Sendi

Zendehrouh

Miller

et al. 2021

Front. Neural Circuits

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related problem and progresses in different stages, including mild cognitive impairment (early stage), mild dementia (middle-stage), and severe dementia (late-stage). Recent studies showed changes in functional network connectivity obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) during the transition from healthy aging to AD. By assuming that the brain interaction is static during the scanning time, most prior studies are focused on static functional or functional network connectivity (sFNC). Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) explores temporal patterns of functional connectivity and provides additional information to its static counterpart.MethodWe used longitudinal rs-fMRI from 1385 scans (from 910 subjects) at different stages of AD (from normal to very mild AD or vmAD). We used group-independent component analysis (group-ICA) and extracted 53 maximally independent components (ICs) for the whole brain. Next, we used a sliding-window approach to estimate dFNC from the extracted 53 ICs, then group them into 3 different brain states using a clustering method. Then, we estimated a hidden Markov model (HMM) and the occupancy rate (OCR) for each subject. Finally, we investigated the link between the clinical rate of each subject with state-specific FNC, OCR, and HMM.ResultsAll states showed significant disruption during progression normal brain to vmAD one. Specifically, we found that subcortical network, auditory network, visual network, sensorimotor network, and cerebellar network connectivity decrease in vmAD compared with those of a healthy brain. We also found reorganized patterns (i.e., both increases and decreases) in the cognitive control network and default mode network connectivity by progression from normal to mild dementia. Similarly, we found a reorganized pattern of between-network connectivity when the brain transits from normal to mild dementia. However, the connectivity between visual and sensorimotor network connectivity decreases in vmAD compared with that of a healthy brain. Finally, we found a normal brain spends more time in a state with higher connectivity between visual and sensorimotor networks.ConclusionOur results showed the temporal and spatial pattern of whole-brain FNC differentiates AD form healthy control and suggested substantial disruptions across multiple dynamic states. In more detail, our results suggested that the sensory network is affected more than other brain network, and default mode network is one of the last brain networks get affected by AD In addition, abnormal patterns of whole-brain dFNC were identified in the early stage of AD, and some abnormalities were correlated with the clinical score.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Alzheimer’s Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study

Sendi

Zendehrouh

Miller

et al. 2021

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…Epidemiological evidence suggests exercise training as a non-pharmacological approach to protect against AD (Rao et al, 2014 ; Huang et al, 2016 ; Jia et al, 2019 ; De la Rosa et al, 2020 ), increase the hippocampus size (Erickson et al, 2011 ), and increase brain neurogenesis (Liu and Nusslock, 2018 ). These structural changes are associated with functional improvements, such as improved independence and cognition of AD patients (Jia et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Task Training Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Oscillation Ratio of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Parvin

Mohammadian

Amani-Shalamzari

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of dual-task training on cognitive status, physical performance, and brain oscillation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Twenty-six AD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG executed progressive combined exercises with visual stimulation twice a week for 12 weeks. Training included muscle endurance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises with eyes closed and opened. Brain oscillation on electroencephalography (EEG) and a series of physical, cognitive, and mental tests were taken before and post-intervention. There was a significant improvement after training protocol in cognitive function, particularly in short-term and working memory, attention, and executive function (p < 0.01). Besides, there were substantial improvements in depression status (GDS scale), aerobic fitness (6 min walking), flexibility (chair sit and reach) functional ability (chair stand, timed up and go test), strength (knee extensions, preacher biceps curl, handgrip) in TG compared to CG. These signs of progress were associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the frequency of brain oscillation and a decrease in the theta/alpha ratio. In addition to physical performance, the regular combined training with visual stimulation improves brain health as indicated by improving cognitive function and reducing the theta/alpha ratio.Clinical Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) https://www.irct.ir/, identifier IRCT20190504043468N1—August 5, 2020.

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“…Physical activity (e.g., aerobic exercise or resistance training) has already been associated with several beneficial effects that reduce the risk of developing AD in both, humans and animal models [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The duration of physical activity being studied can be divided into acute, one single bout of physical activity, and chronic, consistent activity over an extended time period [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary Wheel Running Did Not Alter Gene Expression in 5xfad Mice, but in Wild-Type Animals Exclusively after One-Day of Physical Activity

Wierczeiko

Radyushkin

et al. 2021

Cells

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Physical activity is considered a promising preventive intervention to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the positive effect of therapeutic administration of physical activity has not been proven conclusively yet, likely due to confounding factors such as varying activity regimens and life or disease stages. To examine the impact of different routines of physical activity in the early disease stages, we subjected young 5xFAD and wild-type mice to 1-day (acute) and 30-day (chronic) voluntary wheel running and compared them with age-matched sedentary controls. We observed a significant increase in brain lactate levels in acutely trained 5xFAD mice relative to all other experimental groups. Subsequent brain RNA-seq analysis did not reveal major differences in transcriptomic regulation between training durations in 5xFAD mice. In contrast, acute training yielded substantial gene expression changes in wild-type animals relative to their chronically trained and sedentary counterparts. The comparison of 5xFAD and wild-type mice showed the highest transcriptional differences in the chronic and sedentary groups, whereas acute training was associated with much fewer differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, our results suggest that different training durations did not affect the global transcriptome of 3-month-old 5xFAD mice, whereas acute running seemed to induce a similar transcriptional stress state in wild-type animals as already known for 5xFAD mice.

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Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: Highlights Low levels of physical activity are a risk factor associated with Alzheimer's disease. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. Exercise modulates amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis, and release of neurotrophins, and cerebral blood flow.

Cited by 330 publications

References 177 publications

Alzheimer’s Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study

Alzheimer’s Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study

Dual-Task Training Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Oscillation Ratio of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Voluntary Wheel Running Did Not Alter Gene Expression in 5xfad Mice, but in Wild-Type Animals Exclusively after One-Day of Physical Activity

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