Physical exercise, obesity, inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs): a review with bioinformatics analysis

Sousa, Berenilde Valeria Oliveira de; Freitas, Daniela Fernanda de; Mendes, Iara Heloisa Ramos; Sousa, Jaciara Neves; Guimarães, Victor Hugo Dantas; Santos, Sérgio Henrique Sousa

doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06400-2

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Following ontological analysis, the bioinformatics showed TNF-α to be the leading gene, followed by the regulation of inflammatory response, chemokines, and interleukin-6. The main results of the study indicated that NETs release was regulated by physical training, suggesting a role as a therapy target against NETs and inflammation ( 49 ) and modulating the immune system in favor of Th1.…”

Section: Populations With Imbalanced Th1/th2 Are Among the Most Susceptible To Become Infected By Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exercise Intensity on Th1/Th2 Immune Modulations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Supriya

Baker

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to several pioneering scientific discoveries resulting in no effective solutions with the exception of vaccination. Moderate exercise is a significant non-pharmacological strategy, to reduce the infection-related burden of COVID-19, especially in patients who are obese, elderly, and with additional comorbidities. The imbalance of T helper type 1 (Th1) or T helper type 2 (Th2) cells has been well documented among populations who have suffered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and who are at maximum risk of infection and mortality. Moderate and low intensity exercise can benefit persons at risk from the disease and survivors by favorable modulation in Th1/Th2 ratios. Moreover, in COVID-19 patients, mild to moderate intensity aerobic exercise also increases immune system function but high intensity aerobic exercise may have adverse effects on immune responses. In addition, sustained hypoxia in COVID-19 patients has been reported to cause organ failure and cell death. Hypoxic conditions have also been highlighted to be triggered in COVID-19-susceptible individuals and COVID-19 survivors. This suggests that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF 1α) might be an important focus for researchers investigating effective strategies to minimize the effects of the pandemic. Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (IHP) is a method of exposing subjects to short bouts of moderate hypoxia interspersed with brief periods of normal oxygen concentrations (recovery). This methodology inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory factors, activates HIF-1α to activate target genes, and subsequently leads to a higher production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. This increases angiogenesis and increases oxygen transport capacity. These factors can help alleviate virus induced cardiopulmonary hemodynamic disorders and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic we propose that populations should engage in low to moderate exercise individually designed, prescribed and specific, that utilizes IHP including pranayama (yoga), swimming and high-altitude hiking exercise. This would be beneficial in affecting HIF-1α to combat the disease and its severity. Therefore, the promotion of certain exercises should be considered by all sections of the population. However, exercise recommendations and prescription for COVID-19 patients should be structured to match individual levels of capability and adaptability.

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Section: Populations With Imbalanced Th1/th2 Are Among the Most Susceptible To Become Infected By Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exercise Intensity on Th1/Th2 Immune Modulations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Supriya

Baker

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Moreover, NETs concentrations correlated with the BMI [ 174 ]. In addition, recent bioinformatics studies found a strong relationship between obesity, inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and NETs formation [ 175 , 176 ]. Moreover, it was also found that exercise reduces NETs [ 175 ].…”

Section: Neutrophils In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, recent bioinformatics studies found a strong relationship between obesity, inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and NETs formation [ 175 , 176 ]. Moreover, it was also found that exercise reduces NETs [ 175 ]. Together, these reports suggest that obesity-induced inflammation is associated with elevated NETs formation.…”

Section: Neutrophils In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Actively Contribute to Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Pathological Complications

Uribe‐Querol

Rosales

2022

Cells

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Obesity is characterized by an increase in body weight associated with an exaggerated enlargement of the adipose tissue. Obesity has serious negative effects because it is associated with multiple pathological complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. Nowadays, 39% of the world population is obese or overweight, making obesity the 21st century epidemic. Obesity is also characterized by a mild, chronic, systemic inflammation. Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue causes stress and malfunction of adipocytes, which then initiate inflammation. Next, adipose tissue is infiltrated by cells of the innate immune system. Recently, it has become evident that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in blood, are the first immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue. Neutrophils then get activated and release inflammatory factors that recruit macrophages and other immune cells. These immune cells, in turn, perpetuate the inflammation state by producing cytokines and chemokines that can reach other parts of the body, creating a systemic inflammatory condition. In this review, we described the recent findings on the role of neutrophils during obesity and the initiation of inflammation. In addition, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in the generation of obesity-related complications using diabetes as a prime example.

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“…Overall, these outcomes confirm the obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation during childhood and propose the elevation of immune cell activation, such as macrophage infiltration, with limited gender influence during puberty. Both epidemiologic and longitudinal research have supported that regular exercise or increased physical activity is an effective strategy in reducing systemic low-level inflammation in individuals with obesity and related conditions (44)(45)(46). As summarized in Table 1 51) reported a decrease in serum leptin following the obesity therapy program, including 150 min/week of physical activity for 39 weeks, no change was observed in adiponectin and CRP levels in these overweight/obese children, independently of gender, age, or pubertal stage.…”

Section: Exercise-induced Inflammatory Modification In Childhood Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Outcomes in Childhood Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Status

et al. 2022

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Childhood obesity is identified as one of the major public health issues to increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases and related complications in adulthood. The literature has supported inflammation and oxidative stress as the primary underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Epidemiological evidence consistently shows the benefits of physical activity in the improvement of obesity-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress status. In this narrative mini-review, the available scientific evidence on the potential effects of exercise in alleviating these susceptibilities in childhood obesity will be assessed.

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Physical exercise, obesity, inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs): a review with bioinformatics analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Role of Exercise Intensity on Th1/Th2 Immune Modulations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Role of Exercise Intensity on Th1/Th2 Immune Modulations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Neutrophils Actively Contribute to Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Pathological Complications

Exercise Outcomes in Childhood Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Status

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