Physical Exercise of Primary and Middle School Students From the Perspective of Educational Psychology and Parents’ Entrepreneurship Education

Abstract

The study aims to help primary and secondary school students develop a good habit of physical exercise by exploring the current situation of physical exercise of primary and secondary school students and analyzing the factors affecting their physical exercise. Then, intervention strategies are figured out for different groups of students and help them develop a good habit of physical exercise. From the perspective of educational psychology and parents’ entrepreneurship education, the research on the physical exercise of primary and secondary school students is conducted by a questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and literature review. A total of 280 students from five schools in Tianjin are selected as the research subjects, and the current situation of students’ physical exercise in these five schools is investigated. The results show that 40.5% of boys and 39.4% of girls can take physical exercise more than three times a week; 48.9% of the students do physical exercise for more than 30 mins each time; the students who usually take regular exercise at school account for 82.1%. The physical exercise that students always do is running, badminton and table tennis, which rank the top three among the sports they do. The students usually play basketball, volleyball, and football, and they rarely do the sports like swimming, Wushu, and aerobics. This result is closely related to the characteristics and places of primary and middle school students. The survey shows that the physical exercise awareness of most primary and secondary school students is correct; most students can participate in physical exercise, but few students can do it regularly; parents’ support, parents’ habits of doing exercise, and family’s spending on physical exercise have a significant impact on developing students’ habits of doing physical exercise. Based on the above, it is concluded that the primary and secondary stage is very important for students. Physical education teachers should follow the principle of teaching different students with different methods, enrich teaching materials, and improve teaching quality. The study provides a reference for the reform of PE to guide primary and middle school students to participate in sports activities, improving students’ physical quality.

RETRACTED: Physical exercise and psychological health of rural left-behind children: An experiment from China

“…Previous studies have discussed and confirmed the positive effects of physical exercise on the mental health of primary and middle school students or college students (e.g., Song et al, 2022;Ye et al, 2022). Thus, scholars believe that physical exercise can promote the growth of left-behind children, but lack empirical evidence to support this claim.…”

“…The effect of physical exercise on individuals’ mental health has become a hot topic in multiple branches of psychology (e.g., developmental psychology, health psychology, and exercise psychology). Furthermore, physical exercise plays a crucial role in preventing and adjusting children’s (or adolescents’) mental health by improving children’s sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem, reducing depression and anxiety, and enhancing their happiness ( Chi et al, 2021 ; Song et al, 2022 ). However, there are relatively few empirical pieces of literature focusing on the role of physical exercise in the mental health development of rural left-behind children, which are a critical part of a socially disadvantaged group the authors want to care about.…”

Impact of Parenting Style on Early Childhood Learning: Mediating Role of Parental Self-Efficacy

“…The academic engagement of students can be influenced by parental actions. Song et al (2022) looked at how parent participation affected the social and academic functioning. Izzo et al (1999) used a 3-year longitudinal design to examine several aspects of parent involvement, including the number of educator contacts with parents, the quality of those interactions, parents’ participation in school activities, and parents’ involvement in home activities to help their children develop socially and academically.…”

“…Despite their failures in child care, these parents have the mindset of having the most parental control. They use both verbal and non-verbal (physical) sanctions to penalize the child’s unwanted behavior while failing to appreciate positive behavior ( Song et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Parenthood, while frequently rewarding, is also fraught with stress-inducing obstacles. New parents must deal with the physical and financial demands of caring for a child, as well as the various lifestyle changes that might arise as a result of this additional duty and lead to negative consequences such as strained spousal relationships and social isolation ( Song et al, 2022 ). The emotional cost of parents’ lack of confidence in their capacity to care for their children was noted as a concern for new parents as early as 1986.…”