Physical Exercise Promotes Recovery of Neurological Function after Ischemic Stroke in Rats

Zheng, Huiru; Zhang, Liying; Luo, Jing; Li, Lili; Li, Menglin; Zhang, Qingjie; Hu, Xiquan

doi:10.3390/ijms150610974

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The rats of both CFA exercise group and sham exercise group were trained on two specially designed roller treadmills for 7 days/week, and each treadmill allowed three rats to run simultaneously. Adjustments in the motor speed and exercise duration were implemented via a control panel connected to a genemotor [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. To allow for a transition, the daily running duration lasted 20 min/day (9 m/min) for the first week, was increased to 30 min/day (11 m/min) for the second week, and was then increased to 40 min/day (13 m/min) from the third to eighth weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Exercise Alleviates Pain and Promotes Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Luan

Wan

Luo

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Chronic low back pain accompanied by intervertebral disk degeneration is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Physical exercise, which is clinically recommended by international guidelines, has proven to be effective for degenerative disc disease (DDD) patients. However, the mechanism underlying the analgesic effects of physical exercise on DDD remains largely unclear. The results of the present study showed that mechanical withdrawal thresholds of bilateral hindpaw were significantly decreased beginning on day three after intradiscal complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection and daily running exercise remarkably reduced allodynia in the CFA exercise group beginning at day 28 compared to the spontaneous recovery group (controls). The hindpaw withdrawal thresholds of the exercise group returned nearly to baseline at the end of experiment, but severe pain persisted in the control group. Histological examinations performed on day 70 revealed that running exercise restored the degenerative discs and increased the cell densities of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Furthermore, immunofluorescence labeling revealed significantly higher numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the exercise group on days 28, 42, 56 and 70, which indicated more rapid proliferation compared to the control at the corresponding time points. Taken together, these results suggest that running exercise might alleviate the mechanical allodynia induced by intradiscal CFA injection via disc repair and cell proliferation, which provides new evidence for future clinical use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Exercise Alleviates Pain and Promotes Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Luan

Wan

Luo

et al. 2015

IJMS

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“…Numerous studies have shown that animals exposed to locomotor exercise beginning 24–48 h post-stroke have better behavioral outcomes and smaller ischemic volumes than control animals who receive delayed or no exercise training [31–35]. One study directly compared initiation of treadmill training at different time points and found behavioral gains in rats who began training at 5 days, and to a lesser extent 14 days, but not 30 days post-stroke.…”

Section: Neuroplastic Changes Following Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Early Rehabilitation After Stroke: a Narrative Review

Coleman

Moudgal

Lang

et al. 2017

Curr Atheroscler Rep

285

195

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Purpose of Review Despite current rehabilitative strategies, stroke remains a leading cause of disability in the USA. There is a window of enhanced neuroplasticity early after stroke, during which the brain’s dynamic response to injury is heightened and rehabilitation might be particularly effective. This review summarizes the evidence of the existence of this plastic window, and the evidence regarding safety and efficacy of early rehabilitative strategies for several stroke domain-specific deficits. Recent Findings Overall, trials of rehabilitation in the first 2 weeks after stroke are scarce. In the realm of very early mobilization, one large and one small trial found potential harm from mobilizing patients within the first 24 h after stroke, and only one small trial found benefit in doing so. For the upper extremity, constraint-induced movement therapy appears to have benefit when started within 2 weeks of stroke. Evidence for non-invasive brain stimulation in the acute period remains scant and inconclusive. For aphasia, the evidence is mixed, but intensive early therapy might be of benefit for patients with severe aphasia. Mirror therapy begun early after stroke shows promise for the alleviation of neglect. Novel approaches to treating dysphagia early after stroke appear promising, but the high rate of spontaneous improvement makes their benefit difficult to gauge. Summary The optimal time to begin rehabilitation after a stroke remains unsettled, though the evidence is mounting that for at least some deficits, initiation of rehabilitative strategies within the first 2 weeks of stroke is beneficial. Commencing intensive therapy in the first 24 h may be harmful.

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“…Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide (192). Aerobic exercise reduces the risk for ischemic stroke and can improve functional and morphological recovery after stroke (21,193).…”

Section: Cortical Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive PGC-1α Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Does Not Improve Morphological Outcome in Mouse Models of Brain Irradiation or Cortical Stroke

et al. 2018

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Physical exercise can improve morphological outcomes after ischemic stroke and ameliorate irradiation-induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is considered to be one of the central factors responsible for exercise-induced benefits in skeletal muscle, including the release of neurotrophic factors into the circulation. In order to test if PGC-1α overexpression in skeletal muscle could simulate the exercise-induced effects on recovery after cranial irradiation and stroke, we used male adult transgenic mice overexpressing murine PGC-1α under the control of muscle creatinine kinase promoter and subjected them to either whole brain irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy or photothrombotic stroke to the sensory motor cortex. Muscular PGC-1α overexpression did not ameliorate irradiation-induced reduction of newborn BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus, immature neurons, or newborn mature neurons. In the stroke model, muscular overexpression of PGC-1α resulted in an increased infarct size without any changes in microglia activation or reactive astrocytosis. No difference could be detected in the number of migrating neural progenitor cells from the subventricular zone to the lesioned neocortex or in vascular density of the contralateral neocortex in comparison to wildtype animals. We conclude that forced muscular overexpression of PGC-1α does not have a beneficial effect on hippocampal neurogenesis after irradiation, but rather a detrimental effect on the infarct volume after stroke in mice. This suggests that artificial muscle activation through the PGC-1α pathway is not sufficient to mimic exercise-induced recovery after cranial irradiation and stroke.

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Physical Exercise Promotes Recovery of Neurological Function after Ischemic Stroke in Rats

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Running Exercise Alleviates Pain and Promotes Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Running Exercise Alleviates Pain and Promotes Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Early Rehabilitation After Stroke: a Narrative Review

Constitutive PGC-1α Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Does Not Improve Morphological Outcome in Mouse Models of Brain Irradiation or Cortical Stroke

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