Physical Growth in Childhood and Military Fitness

Ciocco, Antonio

doi:10.2105/ajph.35.9.927

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…40.1 15. 2 Unknown-2_----------------- 1, 447 2L 7 Dead -_ 15 . 3 1 Includes all boys examined regardless of results; some examinees were subsequently deferred.…”

Section: Methods Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood Characteristics as Indicators of Adult Health Status: Relationship of School Records to Selective Service Classification

Densen¹,

Ullman²,

Jones³

et al. 1970

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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SOME years ago studies by Ciocco and coworkers (1, 2) concerning physical measurements of children in relation to subsequent results of medical examinations in the Seleotive Service System pointed to the possibility of identifying children very early in life who were likely to have adult health problems. He concluded that school health programs had not sufficiently appreciated that the roots of many adult diseases were already present in the child population being served. If the indicators could be located and remedial measures taken, he suggested, school health programs could have considerable impact on the health status of future adults as well as on the current health of school children. This study was undertaken to determine which characteristics, if any, among those noted on academic and health records of New York City school children could serve as pointers to physical or behavioral disabilities in the early adult ages. The index of adult health status, as in the studies of Ciocco and co-workers, was the classification of registrants after selective

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“…40.1 15. 2 Unknown-2_----------------- 1, 447 2L 7 Dead -_ 15 . 3 1 Includes all boys examined regardless of results; some examinees were subsequently deferred.…”

Section: Methods Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other Table 11. Prevalence of selected childhood characteristics among all boys in sample, categorized as to average annual days absent Three or more home addresses in grades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] ___--862 17. 9 151 29.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Characteristics as Indicators of Adult Health Status: Relationship of School Records to Selective Service Classification

Densen¹,

Ullman²,

Jones³

et al. 1970

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These tests still carried echoes of danger‐to‐others which characterised the main screening programmes, as it was the child who threatened the future adult; in fact many of the reasons for rejecting recruits as unfit for active service were childhood diseases and ‘abnormalities’. In a novel analysis linking the results of childhood and wartime screening, Ciocco (1945) showed that the growth trajectories mapped in the child were predictive of subsequent military fitness identified in the soldier. The temporal relationship between the child and the young man was further illustrated by problems such as poor dental health, rheumatic fever, eye defects and orthopaedic impairments (like flat feet) which caused recruits to be rejected.…”

Section: Controlling Future Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening: mapping medicine’s temporal spaces

Armstrong

2012

Sociology Health & Illness

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This paper examines the history of population screening through an analysis of contemporary medical journals. The term was first used in the modern sense in the inter-war years to describe the school health examination which sought to identify the early signs of disease and abnormality, a strategy which was extended to new recruits during the Second World War. After the war, screening began to target those illnesses in the civilian population which had a clear temporal trajectory, especially 'chronic' illnesses. Since the 1980s, enthusiasm for population screening has declined within the medical community: opportunistic screening has seemed more appropriate for diseases with multifactorial aetiology, and those programmes which have survived have been increasingly challenged through an expanding analysis of their potential harms. In identifying the early precursors of clinical disease in apparently normal populations, however, screening heralded the emergence of a new form of clinical practice concerned with the surveillance of 'healthy' patients within the context of new temporal spaces of illness.Keywords: screening, history, time A century or so ago 'screening the patient' would probably have referred to the use of curtains around the patient's hospital bed to provide privacy for a medical procedure. In the 1950s, it marked the brave new world of testing the population for the early stages of disease. Nowadays, it is likely to be a site of contestation over whether it confers benefits or harms. This paper attempts to map these changing uses of the term and the debates which have surrounded its deployment, from its first appearance in the inter-war years of the 20th century, through its period of ascendancy in the post-war years, to its more turbulent history in the early 21st century. In doing so the paper identifies underlying changes in the temporal dimension of illness, of which screening is simply one manifestation.The role of population screening within healthcare has been of interest to doctors, patients, lay groups, lobbyists, and other healthcare professionals, among others, but the analysis in this paper is based primarily on debates within medicine -the relationship with these other discourses is briefly discussed in the final section. Medical engagement with screening was accessed by examining contemporary medical journal articles, editorials and correspondence. Major medical journals are now digitalised and word searchable from their first issues, so they were used to identify when, and in what context, the notion of medical screening was separated from earlier different uses of the term. The subsequent expansion of the use of screening as a routine medical procedure was tracked through a range of medical journals published in both the UK and US supplemented by PubMed searches. Trends were charted in Excel (examples are available in the supplementary files accompanying this paper) and

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Screening: Mapping Medicine's Temporal Spaces

Armstrong

2012

The Sociology of Medical Screening

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Physical Growth in Childhood and Military Fitness

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Childhood Characteristics as Indicators of Adult Health Status: Relationship of School Records to Selective Service Classification

Childhood Characteristics as Indicators of Adult Health Status: Relationship of School Records to Selective Service Classification

Screening: mapping medicine’s temporal spaces

Screening: Mapping Medicine's Temporal Spaces

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