Physical growth of infants 7 to 13 months of age: Results from a national survey

Ryan, Allan J.; Martinez, Gilbert A.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330730407

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fat stores were assessed by measurements of TSF and MFA, and the somatic protein stores by MMC and MMA. Fat and protein stores were classified as normal, nutritionally at risk, or deficient as defined by Frisancho [7], Ryan and Martinez [8]. Normal values for weight for length and length for age were derived from the Standards of the National Center of Health Statistics [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Metabolic Patterns in Pediatric Patients with Critical Illness

Briassoulis

Venkataraman

Thompson

2010

Journal of Immunology Research

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It is not known if cytokines, which are cell-derived mediators released during the host immune response to stress, affect metabolic response to stress during critical illness. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the metabolic response to stress is related to the inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), 10 (IL-10), and other stress mediators' responses and to assess their relationships with different feeding patterns, nutritional markers, the severity of illness as assessed by the Multiple Organ System Failure (MOSF), the Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score (PRISM), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and mortality in critically ill children. Patients were classified as hypermetabolic, normometabolic, and hypometabolic when the measured resting energy expenditures (REE) were >110%, 90–110% and, <90% of the predicted basal metabolic rate, respectively. The initial predominance of the hypometabolic pattern (48.6%) declined within 1 week of acute stress (20%), and the hypermetabolic patterns dominated only after 2 weeks (60%). Only oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) (P < .0001) but none of the cytokines and nutritional markers, were independently associated with a hypometabolic pattern. REE correlated with the IL-10 but not PRISM. In the presence of SIRS or sepsis, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (NI), and triglycerides—but not glucose, VO2, or VCO2 increased significantly. High IL-10 levels (P = .0000) and low measured REE (P = .0000) were independently associated with mortality (11.7%), which was higher in the hypometabolic compared to other metabolic patterns (P < .005). Our results showed that only VO2 and VCO2, but not IL-6 or IL-10, were associated with a hypometabolic pattern which predominated the acute phase of stress, and was associated with increased mortality. Although in SIRS or sepsis, the cytokine response was reliably reflected by increases in NI and triglycerides, it was different from the metabolic (VO2, VCO2) or glucose response.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Metabolic Patterns in Pediatric Patients with Critical Illness

Briassoulis

Venkataraman

Thompson

2010

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Somatic protein stores were assessed by mid-arm muscle diameter and MMA. Fat and protein stores were classified as normal, nutritionally at risk, or deficient as defined by Frisancho [16], Ryan and Martinez [17]. Standards of the National Center of Health Statistics were used for the assessment of weight for length and length for age [18].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional-metabolic factors affecting nitrogen balance and substrate utilization in the critically ill

Briassoulis

Venkataraman

Thompson

2015

J Pediatr Intensive Care

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To determine clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and nutritional factors affecting nitrogen balance somatic protein status and substrate utilization in critically ill children measured energy expenditure (MEE) was measured by indirect calorimetry within 24 hr of an acute illness, solid organ transplantation, or cardiovascular surgery. Predicted basal metabolic rate was calculated using the Schofield equation. Somatic protein was estimated by the creatinine-height index. Nitrogen balance (NB) was calculated by subtracting the total nitrogen input from output. The net substrate (fat, carbohydrate, and protein) oxidation rates were calculated using the Weir formula modified by Frayn. Sixty-eight NB studies, indirect calorimetric and anthropometric measurements performed in 37 patients. Nitrogen balance was worse when the MEE/Predicted basal metabolic rate ratio was < 0.9 or > 1.1. The incidence of negative NB was 91% when the caloric intake was less than MEE and 9% when it was equal to or greater than MEE (P < 0.05). On day 1, 27% had mild to moderate somatic protein depletion and 5.4% had severe somatic protein depletion. Only the persistence of stress and co-morbidity were associated with the creatinine-height index (P < 0.001). Without Multiple Organ System Failure (MOSF), there was a trend toward positive nitrogen balance by day 7 while with MOSF, negative nitrogen balance persisted even by day 7 (P < 0.05). When caloric intake was less than MEE, mean substrate utilization was 48.6% from lipid, 37.1% from carbohydrate, and 14.3% from proteins. But, when caloric intake was greater than MEE, mean substrate utilization was 83.3% from carbohydrate and 16.7% from protein. Significant negative nitrogen balance and somatic protein depletion develops in critically ill pediatric patients, especially when they are inadequately fed, develop MOSF, or have previous chronic illness. Caloric intake and MOSF independently affect substrate utilization.

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“…Fat stores are assessed by measurements of TSF and MFA; somatic protein stores are assessed by MMC and MMA. Both, fat and protein stores are classified as normal, nutritionally at risk, or deficient, according to Frisancho [37,38] and Ryan, Martinez [39] or the Standards of the Ten-State Nutritional Survey [40] tables.…”

Section: Anthropometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Assessment in the Critically Ill Child

Briassoulis¹

2006

CPR

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Malnutrition is highly prevalent in critically ill children. Several studies have recently reinforced the relationship between poor nutritional status and higher incidences of complications, mortality, length of hospital stay and costs. A variety of methods used for assessment of different components of energy expenditure has been validated and used in critically ill children. Although reference values derived from representative groups of healthy children and adolescents are now available, hypercatabolism along with hypometabolism or hypermetabolism is frequently seen in critically ill children. Methods for assessment of the different components of energy expenditure have been validated in critically ill children and adolescents. There are, however, significant disadvantages of the available tools and of the methodological aspects of assessment of energy expenditure in a pediatric intensive care setting. The combined use of these methods together with detailed analyses of body composition is recommended for future studies. Although, the evaluation of nutritional status is a broad topic that encompasses several clinical variables, in patients with acute critically illness measurements of energy expenditure are necessary.

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Physical growth of infants 7 to 13 months of age: Results from a national survey

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Cytokines and Metabolic Patterns in Pediatric Patients with Critical Illness

Cytokines and Metabolic Patterns in Pediatric Patients with Critical Illness

Nutritional-metabolic factors affecting nitrogen balance and substrate utilization in the critically ill

Nutritional Assessment in the Critically Ill Child

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