Physical Investigations of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract

This chapter reviews different techniques for physically investigating the biaxiality of nematic liquid crystal mesogens, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Schlieren textures, conoscopic patterns, and electro‐optic investigations.