Physical layer security of hybrid satellite‐terrestrial relay networks with multiple colluding eavesdroppers over non‐identically distributed Nakagami‐ m fading channels

Cooperative jamming in downlink satellite network with hardware impairments

“…The Shadowed-Rician fading parameters of satellite channel are given in Table 1, where o ∈ {D, E}. 9,10,16 Unless otherwise stated, in the following simulation, we set the antenna number of the D as three, the transmit rate as R t = 3bits/s/Hz, the secrecy rate as R s = 2bits/s/Hz, the path loss factor as 𝜇 = 2.2, the jamming SNR as 60 dB. The hardware impairment levels are given as 𝜅 D = 𝜅 E = 0.15, which is a typical value for hardware impairment in ground transceivers.…”

“…By inserting (10) and ( 11) into ( 20) and ( 21), and combining with ( 5) and ( 3), the COP and the SOP under this scenario can be given, respectively, as…”

“…For HSTRN, the relay is adopted to forward signal due to the unavailability of the direct link between satellites and legitimate users. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Some of the relating researches have focused on the secrecy performances of the systems with different parameters. [7][8][9][10] The authors studied the ergodic secrecy rate performance of the hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay system with multiple eavesdroppers under two relay protocols in Reference 7.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Some of the relating researches have focused on the secrecy performances of the systems with different parameters. [7][8][9][10] The authors studied the ergodic secrecy rate performance of the hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay system with multiple eavesdroppers under two relay protocols in Reference 7. A multi-relay system was presented in Reference 8, where the security performance between different relaying schemes was compared.…”

AN‐aided probabilistic robust and secure beamforming with imperfect LCSI and statistical ECSI

“…In this context, many multi-antenna related physical-layer security works have been developed to investigate secure transmission schemes (e.g, [3][4][5][6]). Additionally, these multi-antenna secure transmission schemes have been fully investigated over the various wireless communications systems, including conventional cellular systems [7], wireless powered heterogeneous network [8,9], hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network [10], device-to-device underlaid cellular network [11], energy harvesting cognitive radio network [12] etc. Generally speaking, most of the multi-antenna secure transmission schemes fall into two broad categories: transmit beamforming [12][13][14][15][16][17] and joint optimisation of beamforming and artificial noise (AN) [9,[18][19][20][21].…”