Physical meat quality and chemical composition of the Longissimus thoracis of entire and immunocastrated pigs fed varying dietary protein levels with and without ractopamine hydrochloride

Needham, Tersia; Hoffman, Louwrens C.

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.06.017

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The lower backfat thickness and the greater muscle depth and loin eye area found for immunocastrated animals can be attributed to the presence of steroids prior to immunization, whereas surgical castration eliminates such a possibility. According to Needham and Hoffman (2015), immunocastrated animals grow similarly to entire males until their booster vaccination, leading to a higher potential for anabolic growth than surgically castrated animals. Therefore, the results found in the current study were expected, because it is known that immunocastrated pigs have better feed conversions and higher potential to develop lean meat ZAMARATSKAIA, 2006), while surgical castration increases fat deposition since the male hormones involved in stimulating muscle growth are no longer present (NEEDHAM, 2014).…”

Section: Carcass and Meat Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs

Andreo

Bridi

Silva

et al. 2018

SCA

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To compose the experiment, 160 male Topgen pigs - 80 surgically castrated (treatment 1) and 80 immunocastrated (treatment 2) - were randomly selected from a commercial swine farm at the moment of slaughter. Surgical castration was performed when the animals were seven days of age and immunocastration was performed by administering two doses (2 mL each) of immunocastration vaccine (analogue of GnRF linked to a carrier protein, development of anti-GnRF antibodies, 200 mg of a GnRF-protein conjugate/mL) when they were 104 and 132 days of age. Animals from both treatments were maintained in masonry stalls, where they received water and ad libitum diet (the same feed for both groups). The animals were slaughtered at 160 days of age, and the length and width of the testicles of immunocastrated animals were evaluated, along with the degree and number of carcass lesions, carcass traits and meat quality of both treatments. The means of these measurements were calculated and compared by Student´s t-test. For the immunocastrated treatment, Pearson´s correlation coefficients were also calculated for testicle length and width with backfat thickness. Approximately 80% of the immunocastrated animals had testicle widths of 11 cm or less. Immunocastrated animals showed higher degrees of lesions, pH (initial and 8 hours), hue, muscle depth and loin eye area and lower brightness, redness, chroma and backfat thickness than the surgically castrated animals. The correlation between testicle length and width with backfat thickness was inverse. Immunocastration can be an alternative to improve the proportion of lean meat (longissimus thoracis) instead of fat (backfat thickness) leading to better carcass and meat quality, since fat has become undesirable from a nutritional point of view in swine.

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Section: Carcass and Meat Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs

Andreo

Bridi

Silva

et al. 2018

SCA

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“…The surgical castration of male pigs is a habitual practice among producers with the main aim of improving meat quality by preventing boar taint, an unpleasant odor caused by high levels of androstenone and skatole, as well as to decrease aggressive and sexual behavior (Needham & Hoffman, 2015;Čandek-Potokar, Škrlep & Zamaratskaia, 2017). In heavy pig production female pigs are also gonadectomized to prevent unwanted oestrus or pregnancies during the finishing period, particularly if it is performed in extensive conditions (Martínez-Macipe et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the time of the second (and definitive) vaccination before slaughter may influence the possible effects of the hormonal modification on performance and meat quality (Aluwé at al., 2013). Results also may greatly vary depending on genetics (D´Souza & Mullan, 2003) and feeding (Needham & Hoffman, 2015). As a consequence, disparate influence of immunocastration on raw meat quality of conventional pigs has been observed (Batorek et al, 2012;Font-i-Furnols et al, 2012;Aluwé et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat quality traits in longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius muscles from immunocastrated and surgically castrated Iberian pigs

et al. 2019

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Pig immunocastration has been proposed as an effective alternative for surgical castration. In this study, quality traits of longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius were studied in surgically castrated (SC) males, inmunocastrated (IC) males and IC female Iberian pigs reared in intensive conditions. Vaccination was applied at 18 and 26 weeks and slaughtering at 31 weeks of age. At such conditions, notable sex differences were found. Muscles of IC males were less red (a*) and vividness (C*), and had lower intramuscular fat and Fe content than those of SC males and IC females, which showed in some cases intermedium values. Loins from IC males also exhibited higher drip losses. Although oxidative stability was similar, the fatty acid composition of muscles differed significantly among sexes. Correlations were found between colors, intramuscular fat, Fe content and fatty acid composition. Immunocastration may alter some quality traits in Iberian males and, therefore, vaccination protocols should be designed according to pig genetic background and rearing system.

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“…Responses to varying dietary protein content also differed between immunocastrates and intact males with regards to backfat deposition, also indicating a possible difference in anabolic growth potential and nutritional requirements between immunocastrates and intact boars (Needham & Hoffman, 2015a). However, the addition of ractopamine hydrochloride at 10 mg/kg to the diet of immunocastrates can improve the lean meat yield and carcass traits (Needham & Hoffman, 2015b).…”

Section: Swinementioning

confidence: 98%

Castration of male livestock and the potential of immunocastration to improve animal we

Needham¹,

Lambrechts²,

Hoffman³

2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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Growing consumer awareness about animal welfare has led to the assessment of the impact of common farming practices, such as physical castration, on animal well-being under production conditions. Physical castration is used in livestock industries to prevent indiscriminate breeding, control aggression, and improve meat and carcass quality. In terms of animal welfare, physical castration causes pain, decreased growth performance, infection, and mortality. An alternative approach to castration is thus warranted that will ensure optimal growth without compromising the castrated animal's wellbeing. Immunocastration has proved to be an effective method of suppressing the development and functioning of the reproductive system in various domesticated and wildlife species. The effect of immunocastration on production performance is welldocumented for both swine and cattle. Although ram lambs used for meat production are often physically castrated, information regarding the potential application of immunocastration in sheep is limited. However, immunocastration may potentially improve the welfare, performance, and meat quality of ram lambs used in commercial meat production systems. The purpose of this review is to compare the application and the effects of immunocastration on male livestock to highlight and motivate the need for further research into its use on ram lambs.

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Physical meat quality and chemical composition of the Longissimus thoracis of entire and immunocastrated pigs fed varying dietary protein levels with and without ractopamine hydrochloride

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs

Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs

Meat quality traits in longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius muscles from immunocastrated and surgically castrated Iberian pigs

Castration of male livestock and the potential of immunocastration to improve animal we

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