Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Agar/κ‐Carrageenan Blend Film and Derived Clay Nanocomposite Film

Rhim, Jong‐Whan

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02988.x

Cited by 153 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Agar and carrageenan are linear polysaccharides made up of alternating β-(1,3)-and α-(1,4)-linked galactose residues. Nevertheless, agar differs from carrageenan in that the α-(1,4)-linked residues in agars are the L-enantiomers, whereas in carrageenan, they are the D-enantiomers [69]. Although there is a chemical similarity between agar and carrageenan, the properties of edible films produced from these polymers are significantly different.…”

Section: Grapefruit Seed Extract (Gse)/glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a chemical similarity between agar and carrageenan, the properties of edible films produced from these polymers are significantly different. Rhim [69] has reported that the tensile strength, swelling ratio and water solubility of carrageenan film is higher than that of agar film, whereas the water vapour permeability of the agar film is the lowest. Generally, the mixture of seaweed and other carbohydrates can form a homogenous composite film, but that is not the case for agar film.…”

Section: Grapefruit Seed Extract (Gse)/glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alginate, carrageenan and agar) instead of its original form for biodegradable film production. This is due to seaweed derivatives have better transparency, mechanical and water vapor barrier properties than the original form of sea-weed [21,54,69,109]. Therefore, seaweed derivatives have been widely used in high end medical and electrical applications such as polymer electrolytes, wound dressings, scaffolds, hydrogel for cell and drug delivery, biomedical and pharmaceutical devices as well as softgel capsules [93, 96-97, 99, 102, 103, 105].…”

Section: Future Development Of Seaweed/cellulose Composite Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biodegradable polymer films from seaweed polysaccharides: A review on cellulose as a reinforcement material

Khalil¹,

Tye²,

Saurabh³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

187

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Section: Grapefruit Seed Extract (Gse)/glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grapefruit Seed Extract (Gse)/glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Development Of Seaweed/cellulose Composite Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biodegradable polymer films from seaweed polysaccharides: A review on cellulose as a reinforcement material

Khalil¹,

Tye²,

Saurabh³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

187

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“…The most frequently studied seaweed films are prepared from the seaweed-derived polymers such as alginate, carrageenan, and agar. Films developed from such biopolymers exhibit excellent transparency, mechanical strength, and water vapor barrier properties (Rojas-Graü et al 2007;Rhim 2012;Paula et al 2015;Siah et al 2015). However, the production of seaweed-derived polymers is neither economically feasible nor environmentally friendly due to high chemical and energy consumption during the seaweed hydrocolloid extraction process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Shell Nanofiller in Seaweed-based Composite Film: Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties

et al. 2017

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Composite films that utilize seaweed as a matrix and oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles as a reinforcing material were developed. The effects of loading OPS nanoparticle (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) into seaweed films were determined by analyzing the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the films. The seaweedbased film incorporated with OPS nanoparticles at a high concentration (20% w/w) achieved the highest tensile strength (44.8 MPa) and Young's Modulus (3.13 GPa). However, the film's hydrophobicity (contact angle = 47.3º) and percentage of elongation at break (2.10%) were reduced. Moreover, it was observed that excessive loading of nanofillers (> 20%) reduced the tensile strength and hydrophilicity of the film. This phenomenon was attributed to the agglomeration of OPS nanoparticles and the formation of large voids on the film surface. Thus, the relative effectiveness of the various tested nanofiller contents in enhancing the mechanical strength of the composite film were found to be ranked in the following order: 20%, 10%, 5%, 30%, and 1%.

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“…Moreover, KC exhibits a negative charge when dissolved in water; thus, the negatively charged system benefits to preserve the extended clay galleries (swollen state) of the PEGintercalated nanoclay during the transformation from a dispersed liquid to gel without penetrating the KC chains into a layered silicate spacing [38]. Minimal KC concentration of 1 wt.% was reported to create sufficient gelation on cooling [39][40][41]. With regard to the reduction of the expansion of the nanoclay galleries and the strong stacking of nanoclay when the water was gradually evaporated during the hot-drying stage, freeze-drying was proposed to prepare the facile "nanoclay aerogel masterbatch" instead of conventional hot drying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

Luecha

Magaraphan

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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is research employed a novel and facile approach called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.. is innovative technique was conducted by attaching the clay layers directly onto a mobile polymer, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), in order to modify the clay layer through PEG-clay intercalation and PEG-hydrogen bonding. is state was maintained with a small amount of the anionic polymer hydrogel, for example, kappa-carrageenan (KC), and turning it into a highly porous and fragile structure by freeze-drying, thus a so-called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e facile nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was able to be attained even at high clay loadings (55-67 wt.% of the inorganic clay content) with constant PEG and KC loadings. e interlayer spacing enlargement of the nanoclay galleries was around 17Å with the typical lamellar morphology like a house of cards structure. e density values were within 0.108-0.122 g·cm −3 . e thermal stabilities were up to 270°C, revealing better thermal stability for melt mixing with the commodity plastics at a high melting temperature. e flowability and processability were certified by the melt flow index (MFI) results. e highest nanoclay loading capacity (67 wt.%) of the achieved nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was selected to prepare PS-clay nanocomposites via a melt-mixing process. e comparative nanocomposites were produced by using organoclay. e results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited that the exfoliated morphologies were obtained at all clay contents (1-3 wt.%); however, the intercalated structure was gained by using organoclay.e outstanding transparency and brightness were remarked from the specimens prepared by using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e brownish specimens were observed by using organoclay. e significant improvements of tensile properties, glass transition temperature (T g ), and thermal stability were noticed from the nanocomposites prepared using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.

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Physical‐Mechanical Properties of Agar/κ‐Carrageenan Blend Film and Derived Clay Nanocomposite Film

Cited by 153 publications

References 42 publications

Biodegradable polymer films from seaweed polysaccharides: A review on cellulose as a reinforcement material

Biodegradable polymer films from seaweed polysaccharides: A review on cellulose as a reinforcement material

Oil Palm Shell Nanofiller in Seaweed-based Composite Film: Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

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