Physical mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of new developed composites with Grewia optiva fiber and pan material

Abstract

This research article has developed a novel composite material using natural fiber and PAN fiber. The study aims to remove harmful materials from the composites on the market these days. Asbestos and aramid fiber has good properties and is used in those composites where good mechanical properties are needed. However, using these materials causes many environmental issues and harms humans and other animals. There are very rare studies of PAN and natural fiber based hybrid composites. So Grewia optiva, which has good mechanical properties, and PAN fiber, which has good tribological properties, has been used to develop composites. The percentages of both materials were taken (4-16 wt%) with other ingredients such as phenolic resin, G. optiva fiber, PAN fiber/Kevlar, and lapinus ceramic, potassium barium, titan, mica, and ceramic. The developed composites have shown physical, mechanical, and tribological properties.

Comparative Study of Chemically Treated Sugarcane and Kevlar Fiber to Develop Brake Resistance Composites

“…The greater porosity demonstrates maximum compressibility for developed composites [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In the polymer composite, the density decreases (SCF = 2.80–2.70 g/cm 3 and Kevlar = 2.78–2.50 g/cm 3 ) as SCF and Kevlar ratio increases.…”

“…Proof stress has been noticed highest for FS-4 (5 MPa) and KV-2 (4.7 MPa). In comparison, flexural strength demonstrates its uppermost value for FS-1 and KV-1 (SCF = 64.37 MPa and Kevlar = 68.29 MPa), and flexural Modulus also presents its highest value at FS-4 and KV-1 (SCF = 2.80 GPa and Kevlar = 2.45 GPa) [ 41 ] although an increase in SCF proportion in the composite heat swelling increases. The cause might be the extremely high temperatures.…”

“…The third degradation shows a minimum loss in weight. The first, second and third degradation were reordered to 0–249 °C, 249–599 °C and 599–900 °C [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], respectively, as shown in Figure 8 .…”

“…Secondly, degradation might be the reason for the decrease in hydrogen bonding in Kevlar compounds, the deficit of hemicelluloses and the discharge of gases from the SCF compounds. The third degradation occurs due to the amide group deficiency and loss of lignin and cellulose from KF and SCF [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The study has examined that raising the SCF and KF proportion in the compounds (5–20%) enhanced thermal stability [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

“…The third degradation shows a minimum loss in weight. The first, second and third degradation were reordered to 0-249 • C, 249-599 • C and 599-900 • C [41][42][43][44], respectively, as shown in Figure 8. The degradation has been noted in a nitrogen environment from 0-299 °C, 299-59 °C and 600-900 °C, respectively, as shown in Figure 9 [42,43].…”