Physical, mental and healthcare issues of children on the street of Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Most street children studied in lower- and middle-income African countries are without family links. However, the majority of street children are children on the street, living with families during the night and spending their day-time on the streets. The health of this majority group is poorly captured in the literature despite the growing epidemic of child streetism.Aim: To explore the health of children on the street of Ibadan using multiple qualitative studies.Setting: A street in each of the five urban local government areas of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria.Methods: Participants comprising of children on the street, parental figures, street shop owners and child-welfare officers were purposively selected and interviewed. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.Results: Using triangulated data from 53 interviews, the study found that the children on the streets of Ibadan experienced many health challenges. Outstanding are poor carbohydrate-based diet, open defaecation with consequent infections, physical injuries and few deaths from road traffic accidents. Sexual, verbal and substance abuse were common although few children acquired resilience to adversity. The children had poor health-seeking behaviour and resorted to patent medicine dealers or tradomedical practitioners on the streets.Conclusion: This study bridged some gaps in the literature regarding the health of children on the streets in Nigeria. The straddling of children between the family and street has cumulative health consequences as depicted in this study.Contribution: This research can inform family-level intervention and primary health care plans to forestall the health challenges of children on the streets.

A multisource analysis of child streetism in Nigerian urban centres

“…However, street‐connected children are vulnerable to exploitation by abusers who may sexually assault them (Aborode et al., 2022), forcefully recruit them into criminal activities, traffic them, and send them out onto the streets to beg and steal (Nnama‐Okechukwu et al., 2023). They frequently suffer from depression, anxiety, and trauma, which can lead to substance abuse and the risk of suicide (Obimakinde & Shabir, 2023).…”

“…Ogunkan (2021) examined the spatial and socioeconomic dimensions of street children; Yusuf and Tsagem (2022) advocated for the empowerment of street children through non‐formal education and counselling opportunities; Taiwo, Odufuwa et al. (2022) investigated the effects of open space characteristics on the spatial distribution of street children; Ogunkan (2022) questioned methodological and ethical issues in the research of street children; while Obimakinde and Shabir (2023) evaluated the physical, mental and healthcare problems of street children.…”

“…It is now difficult for Nigerian scholars to ignore this situation, and the phenomenon of street children in Nigeria's major urban centres has become the focus of research in various fields: Ugwuadu (2017) documented the experiences of street children in a Nigerian metropolitan urban centre; Ogunkan and Adeboyejo (2021) studied the locational pattern of street children; Akpan et al (2021) made a compelling case for enlightened public policy and the replication of high-quality publicly funded interventions for street children. Ogunkan (2021) examined the spatial and socioeconomic dimensions of street children; Yusuf and Tsagem (2022) advocated for the empowerment of street children through non-formal education and counselling opportunities; Taiwo, Odufuwa et al (2022) investigated the effects of open space characteristics on the spatial distribution of street children; Ogunkan (2022) questioned methodological and ethical issues in the research of street children; while Obimakinde and Shabir (2023) evaluated the physical, mental and healthcare problems of street children.…”