DEVICE OPERATIONSWe start with the band diagrams of CdS/CdTe devices shown in Fig.2. We consider the CdS polarizations of both signs leading to either the "gull-wing"-shaped potential (Fig. 2b) and the opposite, "hunch" one ( Fig. 2c), in comparison with the "reference" device structure that does not have a dipole layer and represents the standard p-n junction (Fig. 2a). The question of matter is how the major PV parameters, efficiency, Voc, Jsc, and fill factor FF depend on the polarization electric field in the CdS region.