Physical modeling of evaporative emission control system in gasoline fueled automobiles: A review

Romagnuolo, Luca; Yang, Ruochen; Frosina, Emma; Rizzoni, Giorgio; Andreozzi, Assunta; Senatore, Adolfo

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109462

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The continuity equation can be derived from eqs and , expressed as ∇ · [ α g u g + u l false( 1 − α normalg false) ] = S normalg ( 1 ρ l − 1 ρ g ) During the gas evolution, the water vapor is an important part that cannot be ignored, which was also considered in this work. The total gas production at the surface of the electrode was expressed as m normalg = m normalH 2 + m vap m normalH 2 = prefix− e | i c | 2 F M normalH 2 m vap = prefix− e | i c | ...…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model of Multiphysics in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Near-Neutral pH Conditions

Yang,

Sun,

Bao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Water electrolysis in neutral medium is a promising avenue to reduce the overall cost of industrial hydrogen production. However, the complex interplays among various processes, including electrochemical reaction, mass transport, bubble detachment, two-phase flow, and homogeneous reaction of the buffer, result in a high nonlinearity in solving the multiphysics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this paper, a two-phase flow and mass transport model is developed for HER under nearneutral pH condition. The mathematical model is solved to obtain the velocity and concentration profiles at various reaction rates, buffer concentrations, gravitational accelerations, and electrode properties. The results indicate that the homogeneous reaction of the buffer remarkably facilitates the transport of H + and OH − , thereby prompting the HER performance. The porosity plays a major role in facilitating ion transport inside/outside the electrode, compared to superaerophobic design and supergravity. In addition, the phosphate buffer exhibits a better feasibility and capacity than the bicarbonate buffer in near-neutral pH medium. This paper concludes that the phosphate/bicarbonate buffer and two-phase flow concurrently contribute to the improvement of ion transport and HER performance. The developed mathematical model provides a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes of HER in near-neutral pH medium.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model of Multiphysics in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Near-Neutral pH Conditions

Yang,

Sun,

Bao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Except for the hydrogen production from electrochemical reaction, the evaporation water was also considered and involved in total gas production at the surface of the electrode 27 =…”

Section: ■ Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for the hydrogen production from electrochemical reaction, the evaporation water was also considered and involved in total gas production at the surface of the electrode where M H 2 and M H 2 O are the molar mass of hydrogen and water, p vap is the pressure of water vapor, p 0 is the standard pressure (1 atm), x H 2 O is the water molar fraction in gas phase, and T is the temperature in °C.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transport Modeling in a Porous Electrode toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Yang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The intrinsic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts has been significantly improved in the past decades, and current efforts are devoted to implement these catalysts for HER applications through electrode design and fabrication. However, HER in an electrode usually involves complex processes including electrochemical reaction, ion transport, bubble behavior, and gas–liquid flow near the electrode surface. The coupling of different processes makes it difficult to accurately analyze the effect of each process on the HER performance of the electrode. In this paper, a multiphase fluid dynamics and mass transport model is proposed to decouple the HER processes and provide a deep understanding on the interactions among those processes. The results reveal a strong interaction between ion transport inside the electrode and bubble detachment/ascending outside the electrode. The surface design can effectively improve the velocity profile of the liquid and hence dominate the ion transport near the electrode, whereas the design of pore structure can remarkably enhance the ions diffusion inside the electrode. In addition, external forced electrolyte flow can further enhance the fluid convection and ion transport when the speed of forced flow is higher than that induced by bubble ascending. These results conclude that the proposed model contributes to the understanding of interactions among electrochemical reaction, ion transport, bubble behavior, and gas–liquid flow near the electrode surface, providing a guideline for HER electrode design.

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“…The adsorption can be classified in two types: physical adsorption, in which the adsorbate is bound to the adsorbent surface by relatively weak Van der Walls forces; chemisorption, which involves electrons exchange or sharing between adsorbate and adsorbent molecules, generating a much stronger bond than the previous one. This phenomenon is of a great interest in pollution treatment, and activated carbons have several applications other than vehicle fuel vapor storage [22]; therefore many studies have been developed theoretical and empirical adsorption models [23] .…”

Section: Canister Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental adsorption and desorption characterization of a gasoline-fueled vehicle carbon canister for European application filled with n-butane and nitrogen mixtures

et al. 2020

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The evaporative emission control system (EVAP system) is the most commonly used strategy to limit the unburned petrol vapor emissions from a gasoline-fueled vehicle fuel tank, in order to comply with the international regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emission. A carbon canister is used to collect and store the gasoline vapors generated in the tank, then it is purged by the engine intake manifold depression and the vapors are burned in the engine along with the fresh charge. In this activity, a 1.0 L carbon canister for European gasoline vehicles, provided by FCA, has been used for an experimental analysis, in order to characterize its adsorption and desorption behavior. A standard mixture of n-butane and nitrogen (40 g/h of n-butane, 50% vol. with nitrogen) has been used for loading the canister to breakthrough (2 g); canister purging has been performed with 3000 bed volumes of nitrogen flux at 25 L/min. Tests have been performed in FCA laboratories, at the Pomigliano Technical Center. Canister mass gain has been measured during the tests and after each test with a precision weight scale. Internal temperatures have also been measured by K-type thermocouples placed inside the carbon bed; due to the adsorption process, bed temperatures can reach 70 °C. After several tests, results on mass gain show an “aging” trend of the activated carbons.

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Physical modeling of evaporative emission control system in gasoline fueled automobiles: A review

Cited by 23 publications

References 49 publications

Mathematical Model of Multiphysics in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Near-Neutral pH Conditions

Mathematical Model of Multiphysics in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Near-Neutral pH Conditions

Multiphase Fluid Dynamics and Mass Transport Modeling in a Porous Electrode toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Experimental adsorption and desorption characterization of a gasoline-fueled vehicle carbon canister for European application filled with n-butane and nitrogen mixtures

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