Physical models of loose soils dynamically marked by a moving object

Abstract

Arash HABIB1 ACROE Association pour la Creation et la Recherche sur les Outils dExpression INPG -46 av. F6lix Viallet, ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the modeling of loose soil (sandy, muddy, etc.) When an object moves on such grounds, the object's and the soil's movement both depend the mutual physical interactions, and therefore are very dificult to achieve with kinematic or geometric models.We use a particle-based dynamic modeler and achieve a discrete model of plasticity, which accounts for the influence of the soil on objects moving on this soil, but also for the influence of the object on the movement and the shape of the soil. Thus we have simulated soil compression and piling, vehicles leaving tire traces, spinning, skidding and even sinking. This first step is the simulation of the soil-object system at a discretization scale that can be termed "intermediate". A subsequent step consists of the simulation of a finer physical soil model in order to account for smaller-scale dynamic phenomena.

Particle-based simulation of granular materials

“…Nevertheless, there have been a few inspirational techniques focusing on granular materials in graphics [LM93,CLH96,SOH99,ON03]. These techniques usually do not have sufficient spatial or physical accuracy.…”

“…These techniques usually do not have sufficient spatial or physical accuracy. The techniques in [LM93,CLH96] were derived from physics, but they model soil as a height field which precludes the simulation of many interesting 3D effects, such as splashing. While the methods in [SOH99,ON03] can produce interesting granular behavior for footprints or sandboxes, their empirical nature prevents them from faithfully simulating high-speed scenarios where significant energy is exchanged among particles and objects.…”

“…Given their ubiquity, there is an inevitable need for granular material simulation for graphics-related applications such as building virtual environments and animating natural phenomena. In fact, there have been a few inspirational techniques on this topic in graphics [LM93,CLH96,SOH99,ON03]. However, these techniques usually do not have sufficient spatial or physical accuracy to describe important granular phenomena.…”

A momentum‐based deformation system for granular material

“…In their model, the granular material distribution over a terrain is modeled using a height field, and granular material that is pushed by a blade of bulldozer is modeled as discrete chunks. Chanclou et al 4 proposed a model based on physical law for modeling the appearance of ground surface. In their model, the ground surface is modeled as an elastic sheet.…”

Driving object deformations from internal physical processes

“…Methods used for doing so include bump maps [Lundin 1984;Lundin 1994], heightfields [Sumner et al 1998], particle "blobbies" [Terzopoulos et al 1989] [Terzopoulos et al 1991], and elastic sheets [Chanclou et al 1996]. ADFs have been used to detect collision of soft bodies [Frisken and Perry 2001].…”