Physical properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose molecules adsorbed on a polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane

Mechanistic understanding of internal membrane fouling via real time monitoring techniques during microfiltration

“…Interestingly, the fouling voxels fluctuate considerably, which is in contrast with earlier fouling studies via OCT, wherein the profiles of fouling voxels [7,8,48,77,109] or the thickness of cake layer [150,151] monotonically increased with filtration. This is reminiscent of the study by Weldring and van't Riet [56], which indicates the periodic blocking and unblocking of pores by portions of adsorbed macromolecules.…”

“…After that, the buildup of the weakly bound multi-layers took place but occurred much slower than the previous step. In addition, Weldring and van't Riet [56] found that these deposited protein cake layers were actually weakly bound and allowed to move freely, resulted in reversible fouling on membrane pores. Palacio et al [57] and Kelly and Zydney [58] further pointed out the dominance of the physicochemical characteristics (e.g., presence of sulfhydryl group, net charge, etc.)…”

“…Secondly, the buildup of the weakly bound multi-layers occurred at a much slower rate. Weldring and van't Riet [56] found that the deposited protein cake layer formed was weakly bound and freely movable, thereby blocking and unblocking the pore entrances reversibly. Palacio et al [57] and Kelly and Zydney [58] demonstrated the importance of the physicochemical characteristics (e.g., presence of sulfhydryl group, net charge, etc.)…”