Physical properties of trabecular bone

Galante, Jorge O.; Rostoker, W.; Ray, Robert D.

doi:10.1007/bf02017552

Cited by 278 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…All testing was performed at a constant strain rate, eliminating the introduction of any strain rate sensitivity in the yield behaviour. Although not investigated, strain rate effects have been shown to influence on trabecular bone compressive behaviour (Galante et al, 1970;Linde et al, 1991). Further experimental testing and application of the CFI and CFV material models to trabecular bone loading at various strain rates is desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the elasto-plastic properties of bovine trabecular bone and a trabecular bone analogue

Kelly

McGarry

2012

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the elasto-plastic properties of bovine trabecular bone and a trabecular bone analogue

Kelly

McGarry

2012

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…The biomechanical performance of excised samples of trabecular bone on the order of 5-8mm in smallest dimension has been studied for some time [20][21][22], and reflects the net effects of differences in microarchitecture, bone volume fraction, and tissue material properties ( Figure 3). Here we discuss strength and density as specific measures of bone biomechanical performance and mass, respectively.…”

Section: What Do We Know About Trabecular Bone Quality?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomechanical perspective on bone quality

Hernandez¹,

Keaveny²

2006

Bone

273

183

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Observations that dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of areal bone mineral density cannot completely explain fracture incidence after anti-resorptive treatment have led to renewed interest in bone quality. Bone quality is a vague term, but generally refers to the effects of skeletal factors that contribute to bone strength but are not accounted for by measures of bone mass. Since a clinical fracture is ultimately a mechanical event, it follows then that any clinically relevant modification of bone quality must change bone biomechanical performance relative to bone mass. In this perspective, we discuss a framework for assessing the clinically relevant effects of bone quality based on two general concepts: 1) the biomechanical effects of bone quality can be quantified from analysis of the relationship between bone mechanical performance and bone density; and 2) because of its hierarchical nature, biomechanical testing of bone at different physical scales (<1mm, 1mm, 1 cm, etc.) can be used to isolate the scale at which the most clinically relevant changes in bone quality occur. As an example, we review data regarding the relationship between the strength and density in excised specimens of trabecular bone and highlight the fact that it is not yet clear how this relationship changes during aging, osteoporosis development, and anti-resorptive treatment. Further study of new and existing data using this framework should provide insight into the role of bone quality in osteoporotic fracture risk.

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“…Architectural indices explained 10% to 70% of the variation in compressive strength in sheep femoral bone [87]. Sites with similar bone mineral density (BMD) but different architectures exhibited differences in strength and stiffness of up to 50% [45,122]. In addition, the architecture of cancellous bone often develops a preferred orientation in response to habitual loading, resulting in substantially different strength values when loaded in different directions [43].…”

Section: Intrinsic Influences On Whole Bone Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the architecture of cancellous bone often develops a preferred orientation in response to habitual loading, resulting in substantially different strength values when loaded in different directions [43]. In human vertebrae, for example, alignment of the trabeculae along the axis of the spine makes the bone nearly twice as strong when loaded along the superior-inferior axis as when loaded in either the AP or left-right direction [45,91]. Combined imaging and computational modeling advances allow cancellous bone architecture to be captured (see articles by Donnelly [35] and Burghardt et al [18] in this issue) and input into mechanics-based models that can be used to understand the effect of architecture on stiffness of whole bones such as the vertebral body, distal radius, or proximal femur [42,57,98,126].…”

Section: Intrinsic Influences On Whole Bone Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Bone Mechanics and Bone Quality

Cole

Meulen

2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

136

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Background The skeleton plays a critical structural role in bearing functional loads, and failure to do so results in fracture. As we evaluate new therapeutics and consider treatments to prevent skeletal fractures, understanding the basic mechanics underlying whole bone testing and the key principles and characteristics contributing to the structural strength of a bone is critical. Questions/purposes We therefore asked: (1) How are whole bone mechanical tests performed and what are the key outcomes measured? (2) How do the intrinsic characteristics of bone tissue contribute to the mechanical properties of a whole bone? (3) What are the effects of extrinsic characteristics on whole bone mechanical behavior? (4) Do environmental factors affect whole bone mechanical properties? Methods We conducted a PubMed search using specific search terms and limiting our included articles to those related to in vitro testing of whole bones. Basic solid mechanics concepts are summarized in the context of whole bone testing and the determinants of whole bone behavior. Results Whole bone mechanical tests measure structural stiffness and strength from load-deformation data. Whole bone stiffness and strength are a function of total bone mass and the tissue geometric distribution and material properties. Age, sex, genetics, diet, and activity contribute to bone structural performance and affect the incidence of skeletal fractures. Conclusions Understanding and preventing skeletal fractures is clinically important. Laboratory tests of whole bone strength are currently the only measures for in vivo fracture prediction. In the future, combined imaging and engineering models may be able to predict whole bone strength noninvasively.

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Physical properties of trabecular bone

Cited by 278 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the elasto-plastic properties of bovine trabecular bone and a trabecular bone analogue

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the elasto-plastic properties of bovine trabecular bone and a trabecular bone analogue

A biomechanical perspective on bone quality

Whole Bone Mechanics and Bone Quality

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