Physical Tests for Monitoring Soil Quality

Arshad, Muhammad; Lowery, B.; Grossman, Bob

doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub49.c7

Cited by 261 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

169

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Across rotations and tillage treatments, the average BD was the smallest in the surface 0 to 10 cm (1.27 Mg m −3 ). Despite the differences, all BD values are less than values considered root‐inhibiting in silt loam and silty clay loam soils (Arshad et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Illinois

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent increases in corn (Zea mays L.) production in the U.S. Corn Belt have necessitated the conversion of rotations to continuous corn, and an increase in the frequency of tillage. e objective of this study was to assess the e ect of rotation and tillage on soil physical and chemical properties in soils typical of Illinois. Sequences of continuous corn (CCC), 2-yr corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS) rotation, 3-yr corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CSW) rotation, and continuous soybean (SSS) were split into conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) subplots at two Illinois sites. A er 15 yr, bulk density (BD) under NT was 2.4% greater than under CT. Water aggregate stability (WAS) was 0.84 kg kg -1 under NT compared to 0.81 kg kg -1 under CT. Similarly, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were greater under NT than under CT with SOC values for 0 to 60 cm of 96.0 and 91.0 Mg ha -1 and TN values of 8.87 and 8.40 Mg ha -1 for NT and CT, respectively. Rotations a ected WAS, TN, and K levels with WAS being greatest for the CSW rotation at 0.87 kg kg -1 , decreasing with more soybean years (CS, 0.82 kg kg -1 and SSS, 0.79 kg kg -1 ). A similar pattern was detected for TN and exchangeable K. Results indicated that while the use of NT improved soil quality, long-term implementation of continuous corn had similar soil quality parameters to those found under a corn-soybean rotation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Illinois

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This can result in shallow plant rooting and poor plant growth, which affects crop yield reduces vegetative cover available to protect soil from erosion. Compaction leads to increased runoff and erosion on sloping land and can create water logging on flatter areas (Arshad, Lowery, & Grossman, 1996).…”

Section: Soil Bdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of stone bunds on temporal and spatial variability of soil physical properties: A field study from northern Ethiopia

Klik

Schürz

Strohmeier³

et al. 2018

Land Degrad Dev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the Ethiopian Highlands, stone bunds (SBs) are a common practice for soil and water conservation, influencing runoff and erosion processes from sloped agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to investigate how SBs affect spatiotemporal relationships of these processes to better understand their impacts on soil water development at the smallholder farmer's field level. Study area was the Gumara‐Maksegnit Watershed in northern Ethiopia, where two representative transects were investigated: One transect crossed a 71 m‐long field intersected by 2 SBs traced along the contour. The second transect crossed a similar hillslope without conservation structures at a length of 55 m representing baseline (untreated) conditions (no stone bund). During the rainy season of 2012, bulk density and volumetric water content were monitored, and tension disc infiltrometer experiments were performed to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity and to derive soil water retention characteristics. Our observations show that SB decreased significantly soil bulk density in center and lower zones of SB transect compared with no stone bund. No temporal change was observed. Results targeting the surface soil moisture indicate that infiltration was higher with SB and happened earlier in the rainy season in the zones around the SBs. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was positively affected by SB and increased significantly. Improved soil hydrology by SB fields may increase crop yields by higher soil water contents but also by extending the growing season after the rainy season. Therefore, SBs are a successful measure to establish climate‐resilient agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands.

show abstract

“…Samples were first sieved with a 2-mm mesh to remove debris and stones. Soil texture was determined by a texture-by-feel test (Arshad, Lowery, & Grossman, 1996). Soil pH was determined on undried soil by making a 1:1 volume:volume slurry of soil and deionized water, pH measurements were taken every 15 min for approximately 60 min, or until readings remained stable through time (Van Lierop & MacKenzie, 1977).…”

Section: Habitat Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread generalist clones are associated with range and niche expansion in allopolyploids of Pacific Northwest Hawthorns (Crataegus L.)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Range and niche expansion are commonly associated with transitions to asexuality, polyploidy and hybridity (allopolyploidy) in plants. The ability of asexual polyploids to colonize novel habitats may be due to widespread generalist clones, multiple ecologically specialized clones, or may be a neutral by-product of multiple, independent origins of asexual polyploids throughout the range. We have quantified niche size and divergence for hawthorns of the Pacific Northwest using data from herbarium vouchers with known cytotypes. We find that all polyploid niches diverge from that of the diploid range, and allopolyploids have the broadest niches. Allotetraploids have the largest niche and the widest geographic distribution. We then assessed the genetic mechanism of range expansion by surveying the ecological and geographic distribution of genotypes within each cytotype from sites in which fine-scale habitat assessments were completed. We find no isolation by either geographic or ecological distance in allopolyploids, suggesting high dispersal and colonization ability. In contrast, autotriploids and diploids show patterns of isolation by geographic distance. We also compared the geographic and ecological distributions of clonal genotypes with those of randomly drawn sites of the most widespread cytotype. We found that most clones are geographically widespread and occur in a variety of habitats. We interpret these findings to suggest that patterns of range and niche expansion in Pacific Northwest Hawthorns may stem from these widespread, ecologically generalist clones of hybrid origin.

show abstract

Physical Tests for Monitoring Soil Quality

Cited by 261 publications

References 6 publications

Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Illinois

Crop Rotation and Tillage Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Illinois

Impact of stone bunds on temporal and spatial variability of soil physical properties: A field study from northern Ethiopia

Widespread generalist clones are associated with range and niche expansion in allopolyploids of Pacific Northwest Hawthorns (Crataegus L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About